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  3. If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is n

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问题     If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human resource management is not traditionally seen as【C1】________to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or【C2】________at the lowest possible cost—much【C3】________one buys raw materials or equipment.
    The lack of importance【C4】________to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second【C5】________command. The 【C6】________of head of human resource managements is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who【C7】________it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to【C8】________to Chief Executive Officer (CEO).【C9】________, in Japan the head of human resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm’s【C10】________.
    As a【C11】________problems【C12】________when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn【C13】________to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is【C14】________in Germany than it is in the United Stated. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for 【C15】________retraining【C16】________costs and creates bottlenecks that【C17】________the speed with【C18】________new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological【C19】________. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population【C20】________the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
【C20】
选项 A、raise
B、lift
C、affect
D、balance
答案C
解析 本填空考查动词，本句主语为the skills of the bottom half of the population(人口中下半部分人群的技能，即技能不行的那部分人)，宾语为the wages of the top half(上半部分人群的工资，即技能较好的那部分人)。理解了这两条关键线索，A项raise和B项lift可以排除，因为这两个动词的意思为“提高”；而D项balance表示“平衡”，意思不明确；只有C项affect表示“影响”，而这个“影响”一般是指“负面影响”，因此最为合适。
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