首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How to Develop an Outline Ⅰ. A preliminary outline A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics covered in t
How to Develop an Outline Ⅰ. A preliminary outline A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics covered in t
admin
2012-04-23
40
问题
How to Develop an Outline
Ⅰ. A preliminary outline
A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics
covered in the research paper.
B. Two steps to develop a preliminary outline:
1. write down ideas or【2】______in a rough list;
2. arrange items into major and minor ideas.
Ⅱ. Revision of the preliminary outlineA. Revise the outline when discovering new material and having
new ideas for the paper.
—Reason: writing a research paper is【3】______; one
looks back over paragraphs to adjust thinking.
—Result: the outline expands or shrinks throughout the
gathering of data and the writing of drafts.B. Answer the questions to help evaluate the outline:
1. What is the【4】______of my research?
2. What is my thesis?
3. How specialized is my audience?
C. Use【5】______programs with outlining features as
automatic formatting.
D. Keep copies of old outlines to avoid【6】______.
Ⅲ. A final outlineA.【7】______to enhance organization and coherenceB. Content: eliminate irrelevant materials;【8】______portions of the outline
C. Organization: in line with purposes
—organization types: chronology, cause and effect, process,
definition,【9】______, argumentation
—bring related materials together logically
—add an effective introduction and a satisfactory conclusionD. Forms of a final outline
—a topic outline: using noun, gerund and【10】______phrases
—a sentence outline: using full sentences
—a paragraph outline: using paragraphs
How to Develop an Outline
Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our discussion on how to write a research paper. The focus of our lecture this time centers on how to develop an outline of a research paper. Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your paper. It can also make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper or material that you have covered before and should therefore he removed.
First, before we start writing a research paper, we must make sure what kind of materials should be included, and hence developing a preliminary outline is a must. A preliminary outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics which you are thinking of covering in your paper.(1)Sometimes, however, an instructor might require that a preliminary outline be submitted at the beginning of your work; then your instructor might suggest ways in which the work needs to be further developed or cut back. Your instructor might also see that you’re trying to accomplish too much or too little for the scope of the assignment he or she has in mind. Then, how to pin down a preliminary outline?
To develop a preliminary outline, we need to follow two fairly simple steps: first, write down ideas or code words in a rough list and second, give order to the list by arranging items into major and minor ideas.(2)How you finally organize your thesis is a matte of your work habits and the nature of the subject.
After finishing the preliminary outline, you need to revise it during the process of research. You need to bear in mind that the preliminary outline can be revised as you discover new material and get new ideas that ought to go into your paper. Writing a research paper is recursive, which means that you will look back over your paragraphs, adjust your thinking, and move forward again. (3)
The outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts. With that in mind, ask yourself the following questions to evaluate your overall plan: first, what is the role of my research? Am I reviewing, discovering, interpreting or theorizing?(4)Second question, what is my thesis? Will my notes and records defend and illustrate my proposition? Is it convincing evidence? Third questions, how specialized is my audience? Do I need to write in a non-technical language or may I assure that the audience is knowledgeable in this field and expects in-depth discussion of substantive issues? Your answers will determine, in part, the type of materials needed. Plus, most word processing programs have outlining features with automatic formatting that make it easy to create and revise outlines.(5)It is a good idea to keep copies of old outlines in a computer folder in case new versions of the outline lead you in false directions that you will later have to abandon. Keeping track of your outlines can avoid going astray. (6)
A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper. Instructors sometimes require that a final outline be submitted along with the final version of your paper.(7)Material that is not relevant to the purpose of your paper as revealed in your outline should be eliminated from the paper; if portions of your outline seem weak in comparison to others, more research may be required to create a sense of balance in your argument and presentation.(8)Outlines can be organized according to your purposes. Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something, comparing or contrasting one thing to another or presenting an argument with one side or both?(9)In any case, try to bring related material together under general headings and arrange sections so they relate logically to each other. An effective introduction will map out the journey your reader is about to take, and a satisfactory conclusion will wrap up the sequence of ideas in a nice package.
Finally, you need to choose an appropriate final outline form. Outlines appear in topic, sentence or paragraph form. Avoid mixing the forms within a given outline. With the topic outline, every heading is a noun phrase or its equivalent, a gerund phrase, or an infinitive phrase.(10)This form is the most popular and establishes precisely the main areas of investigation. Its weakness is brevity because the incomplete headings can hide any organizational problems. A sentence outline includes full sentences that you would transcribe into the draft. Some outline entries can serve as topic sentences for paragraphs, thereby speeding the writing process. In addition, the subject/verb pattern establishes the logical direction of your thinking. A paragraph outline is written with every section as a paragraph or as full paragraphs under noun headings. The dangers of the paragraph outline are twofold: you may try to write the paper when developing only an outline or you may carry weak underdeveloped outline paragraphs directly into the rough draft.
Now, to sum up in today’s lecture, we have reviewed the process of writing an outline of a research paper. First, we need to prepare a preliminary outline that includes topics and subtopics to be covered in the paper; second, the preliminary outline should be revised during the process of writing so that our thinking could be adjusted now and then; the revision of the outline arrives in the finalized version that enhances the organization and coherence of the research paper. OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
recursive
解析
推断题。讲座中强调草拟好的初步提纲需要在写作过程中不断得到修,因为写作本身就是一个递归过程,时而需要回顾一下自己已写得片段,且不断调整思路才能不断精进:Writing a research paper is recursive, which means that you will look back over your paragraphs, adjust your thinking, and move forward again. 所以答案为recursive。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RFiO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
YellowFeverItisclearthattomanypeopleintheUStheideaofagroupofforeignmusiciansundertakingaconcerttourof
PeoplesoccupiedNorthAmericabeforethearrivalofthe【M1】______Europeaninthe15thcenturyhavelongbeenknown
Halloween’soriginsdatetotheancientCelticfestival【M1】______ofSamhain(pronouncedsow-in).TheCelts,whichlived
Cyberspace,datasuperhighways,multi-media--forthosewhohaveseenthefuture,thelinkingofcomputers,televisionandteleph
______modifythemeaningofthestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.
A、moreIsraelitroopsweresenttocombattheArabianmilitantsB、IsraelclosedboththeGazaStripandWestBankC、thousandsof
WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheagreementtobesignedbetweenRussiaandIran?
B语言学家及观点。ThePragueSchool主要进行共时性语言学研究(Synchroniclinguistics),从功能(function)的角度研究语言。
ThroughhisfamouscharacterHamletShakespearesaid,"Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion."Forhundredsofyears,peopleha
A、ItbecameofficialbeforePresidentTheodoreRoosevelthaditengraveduponhisstationery.B、Itderivesthenamefromthecol
随机试题
苦杏仁在三仁汤中的配伍意义是
关于内毒索性质的错误叙述是( )。
房某实施了一起抢劫罪和一起诽谤罪,人民检察院对房某实施的抢劫罪提起公诉,同时被害人朱某对房某实施的诽谤罪向同一人民法院提起自诉。请问,下列说法中正确的是()
下列选项中,不属于我国列入《世界遗产目录》的物质遗产中的世界文化遗产的是()。
已知A和B为两个相邻的会计年度,甲和乙为两种不同的计价方法,则下列各项中违背一致性原则的是()。
从微观经济分析的角度,经济学通常将市场分为两大类,即用于最终消费的产品市场和用于生产的要素市场,产品市场与要素市场的区别有()。
关于博物馆的档案管理制度,下列表述不正确的是()。
琵琶行白詹易浔阳江头夜送客,枫叶荻花秋瑟瑟。主人下马客在船,举酒欲饮无管弦。醉不成欢惨将别,别时茫茫江浸月。忽闻水上琵琶声,主人忘归客不发。寻声暗问弹者谁?琵琶声停欲语迟。移船相近邀相见,添酒回灯重开宴。千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。转
下列表单的哪个属性设置为真时,表单运行时将自动居中( )。
Nervesignalsmaytravelthroughnerveormusclefibersatspeedsashighastwohundredmilesperhour.
最新回复
(
0
)