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  3. In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals. He was content with very simple forms of

In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals. He was content with very simple forms of

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问题    In the earliest stages of man’s development he had no more need of money than animals. He was content with very simple forms of shelter, made his own rough tools and weapons and could provide food and clothing for himself and his family from natural materials around him. As he became more civilized, however, he began to want better shelter, more efficient tools and weapons, and more comfortable and more lasting clothing than could be provided by his own neighborhood or by the work of his own unskilled hands. For these things he had to turn to the skilled people Such as smiths, leather workers or carpenters who were springing up everywhere. It was then that the question of payment arose.
   At first he got what he wanted by a simple process of exchange. The smith who had not the time to look after land or cattle was glad to take meat or grain from the farmer in exchange for an axe or a plough. But as more and more goods which had no fixed exchange value came on the market, exchange became too complicated to be satisfactory. Another problem arose when those who made things wanted to get stocks of wood or leather, or iron, but had nothing to offer in exchange until their finished goods were ready.
   Thus the difficulties of exchange led by degrees to the invention of money. In some countries, easily handled things like seeds or shells were given a certain value and the farmers, instead of paying the smith for a new axe by giving him some meat or grain, gave him so many shells. If the smith had any shells left when he had bought his food, he could get stocks of the raw materials of his trade. In some countries quite large things such as cows or camels or even big flat stones were used for trade. Later, pieces of metal, bearing values according to the rarity of the metal and the size of the pieces, or coins were used. Money as we know it had arrived.
What were used by men for exchange before the invention of coins?
选项 A、Shells or seeds.
B、Cows or camels.
C、Flat stones.
D、All of the above.
答案D
解析 细节归纳题。从最后一段的描写中可以看到，早期人类在使用金属硬币前，曾使用过A，B和C项中所列的全部内容作为交换物质。
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