首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is be
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is be
admin
2012-07-13
46
问题
Western juries have traditionally found eyewitness testimony to be the most convincing evidence in criminal trials. Seeing is believing, as the saying goes. In numerous cases, when witnesses pointed to the defendant, his or her fate was sealed. But how reliable is eyewitness testimony? Recent cases have suggested that despite our best intentions, we may unwittingly distort what we perceive.
Artists and psychologists have long known that " seeing" is not a simple matter of recording visual input. People perceive the exterior world through a complex matrix of cultural expectations, personality traits, moods and life experiences. For example, researchers tested the cultural influence on perception by showing a set of optical illusions to various groups, and found that different groups responded in divergent ways. Accustomed to and inundated by perpendicular structures, Western Europeans succumbed easily to illusions based on rectangular lines. On the other hand, the Zulu people of South Africa, whose environment had been comprised almost entirely of circular forms (round houses, doors, etc. ) did not fall prey to those linear illusions.
Cultural expectations also influence the selectivity of our seeing. The amount of visual information that exists far exceeds our ability to process it, so we must filter that sensory input into recognizable images. In looking at a face, we do not see elongated ovals set in complex shadows and shading, we see eyes. And that filtering process is informed by what we perceive to be significant, which is influenced by cultural norms. Some cultures may emphasize differences in hair color or texture, others the shape of a nose or mouth, others the set of the eyes.
But it is not only group expectations that color what we see, personality and mood fluctuation can also alter our perceptions. Orderly minds who shun ambiguity will see an off-center image as firmly fixed in the center. The same photograph of four young men allows for shifting interpretations based on our current feeling: a mood of happiness reveals boys enjoying a relaxing day, while anxiety changes the picture to students worrying about exams.
In addition, numerous more prosaic factors affect our ability to record an image accurately. Duration of the encounter, proximity to the subject, lighting, and angle all affect our ability to see, and even stress may further undermine the accuracy of our perceptions.
What will this mean for criminal trials? Juries have often been reluctant to convict without eyewitness identification. Blood samples, fingerprints, and the like do not resonate as deeply with juries as does direct testimony, and frequently require understanding of complex scientific technicalities. But as confidence in eyewitness testimony wanes, such circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials.
Which of the following statements is true?
选项
A、Circumstantial evidence is superior to eyewitness testimony in the field of law.
B、Circumstantial evidence may someday replace visual identification in criminal trials.
C、Juries should be comprised of people of the same background.
D、Juries should regard visual identification as the lynchpin of criminal trials.
答案
B
解析
是非题型见最后一段最后一句,B为最佳答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RNgO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
Studentsarepressedtogotocollegefromthetimethey’reenougholdforreceivingthesocietalmessagethatcollegeistheon
Dr.StevensoncheckedNick’ssignscarefullybeforemakinghisstatement.
FewdevelopmentshavesogreatlyaffectedAmericanlifeastheautomobile.Indeed,itwouldbehardtooverestimateitsimpact.
Theoldprofessorisnotsurehowmanystudentsthereintheclassroom.
Everytimethestudentsarelazyandinarrearswiththeirhomework,theteacherinchargeoftheclasswillinstillchickensou
Surveyshavefound80%ofcitizensreckonthechurchshouldkeepits________outofmoralissuessuchasabortion.
Whichmadeitparticularlyterrifyingwasitssimilaritytothemandrake,aplantthatwasthoughttohavecomefromHell.
Computerswilldevelopmoresuccessfullybecausetheyenableustofulfilltasksthatwasn’tabletoundertakeeverbefore.
Formorethantwocenturies,American’scollegesanduniversitieshavebeenthebackboneofthecountry’sprogress.Theyhaveed
FuneralSermonforMammyCarolineBarrW.FaulknerCarolinehasknownmeallmylife.Itwasmyprivilegetoseeherouto
随机试题
髋关节后脱位
男,25岁。喷洒农药时出现恶心、呕吐、胸闷,大小便失禁,瞳孔缩小,流涎,面部肌肉抽搐。缓解面部肌肉抽搐的治疗措施是
依据《规划环境影响评价条例》,对已经批准的规划需要重新或者补充进行环境影响评价的情况是()。
在灌砂法的计算公式中,ω表示( )。
选择入市的时机分为()等步骤。
2005年7月,我国改革了人民币汇率形成机制。新的人民币汇率制度的特点有()
某企业财务人员将2000年度企业所得税的计算列表如下:补充材料:(1)2000年8月1日发生经营性租入固定资产业务,租赁期10个月,租赁费50000元。(2)2000年应收账款、应收票据账户期末余额分别为1200000元、400000元。坏账
阅读下面的文言文,完成后面各题。范增数目项王,举所佩玉玦以示之者三,项王默然不应。范增起,出,召项庄,谓曰:“君王为人不忍。若入前为寿,寿毕,请以剑舞,因击沛公于坐,杀之。不者,若属皆且为所虏。”庄则入为寿。寿毕,曰:“君王与沛公饮,军中无以为乐
①随着商业在社会生活中地位的提高,商家的文化意识日益增强②牌匾艺术熔书法、装饰和建筑艺术于一炉,呈现出丰富的形式③尤其是经营长久的老字号,牌匾多出自名人名家手笔④商业牌匾早期大多用于说明商号韵经啻性质⑤虽然各自风
请在幻灯片中查找PowerPoint,要求全字匹配,同时区分大小写,并将查找结果替换为PowerPoint2003。
最新回复
(
0
)