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Read the following passage. A new study has revealed that in America, less than a quarter of newly qualified doctors go into
Read the following passage. A new study has revealed that in America, less than a quarter of newly qualified doctors go into
admin
2022-06-28
148
问题
Read the following passage.
A new study has revealed that in America, less than a quarter of newly qualified doctors go into primary care. This finding suggests that the number of new primary care doctors falls short of what is needed and fails to satisfy the growing demand. This declining rate of primary care physicians can be linked to several shortcomings of America’s medical school system. There are three main hurdles that medical students face that hinder the appeal and practicality of entering the field of primary care.
To begin with, medical school is getting more and more expensive. The current price of medical school means that most medical students can expect to have significant school loans and debts by the time they graduate. In order to pay off these debts, medial students are turning toward more lucrative specialties instead of pursuing primary care. The rise in tuition costs has also priced out many talented but low-income students who might have chosen primary care as a profession. In this case the tremendous cost of tuition scares off potential doctors.
A key component of medical school is a period of hospital residency. This internship is a period of training that must be completed after a student graduates from medical school and typically lasts three years. The hospital residency application process is particularly grueling and competitive. The best residency programs attract the most exceptional and talented applicants who all compete for a limited number of openings. Because primary care residency openings are so limited and competitive, many medical students prefer to pursue less competitive specialties. All of the hurdles mentioned above add to the already significant levels of stress that medical students face.
Medical doctors and students are under a huge amount of pressure from multiple sources. Emotional exhaustion, the feeling of lack of personal accomplishment, and dissatisfaction of work-life balance all contribute to physicians’ levels of stress. In light of this, it is no wonder that many possible primary care doctors are choosing not to follow this career path.
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.
The increasing shortage of primary care physicians in America poses several challenges to the medical system. However, the challenges mentioned in the reading passage overlook many of the recent advancements made in universities, hospitals, and government policies.
For instance, the claim that high tuition costs force students to choose more lucrative specialties, or that low-income students are marginalized, overlooks the recent changes at many universities. While it is true that tuition costs have ballooned over the decades, universities have responded by offering financial aid in the form of scholarships to help offset tuition costs. This certainly helps reduce financial burdens for medical students and will make students less concerned with studying financially profitable fields.
And as for the lack of internships and residency spots? It is true that some hospitals’ openings are very competitive, however, many of these competitive residency slots are centralized around urban hospitals. Many medical students would be surprised to learn that there are thousands of vacancies at hospitals located in more rural areas. If students would be willing to move to more remote and less urban part of the country for three years, many of them could no doubt easily find a compatible and accessible residency program.
Finally, it is true that doctors are under a lot of pressure from many different sources, but the government has recently passed new legislation and introduced new policies that will help ease their work-related stress. These policy changes include extended vacation time and reduced shift hours resulting in a more flexible work schedule. With more time off, primary care doctors will experience a reduction in physical or mental fatigue.
选项
答案
The reading passage attributed the shortage of primary care doctors in America to the defects in the medical system. The lecturer disagrees by referring to recent efforts made by medical schools, hospitals and the government to improve the situation. To begin with, the reading passage claims that the rising tuition costs not only drive medical students who need to pay off their school loans to more profitable specialties, but also price out low-income students who may be interested in pursuing a career in primary care. In response, a large number of universities are offering scholarships to help relieve students’ financial burdens, according to the lecturer. Secondly, the reading passage argues that in face of the intense competition in getting a hospital residency opening in primary care, many medical students will opt for less competitive specialties. However, the lecturer points out that this is only true for city hospitals. In rural areas, there are actually bountiful internships available for medical students. Lastly, the lecturer admits that the high levels of stress indeed discourage many potential primary care doctors, yet the government has introduced new legislation and policies to help. These policies include extending their vacation time and reducing their shift hours.
解析
题目:你认为以下三种环保行为中哪种对人们来说最实用?
.骑自行车出行或者步行。
.回收和重复利用废物。
.购买本地生产的有机食品。
本题是“三选一”的类型,让考生从三种环保行为中选择对人们来说最实用的一种。文章可以先肯定三种行为皆有效,再说明自己的选择并加以论证。此外,还要谈谈另外两个选项的一些弊端,从而凸显所选的选项是三者当中最实用的。文章的最后可以举一些具体的例子,论证自己所选方式的有效性。
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