2. 计算机
  3. An operating system also has to be able to service peripheral(1)，such as timers，motors，sensors，communication devices，disks，etc．A

An operating system also has to be able to service peripheral(1)，such as timers，motors，sensors，communication devices，disks，etc．A

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问题 An operating system also has to be able to service peripheral(1)，such as timers，motors，sensors，communication devices，disks，etc．All of those can request the attention of the OS(2)，i．e．at the time that they want to use the 0S，the OS has to make sure it’s ready to service the requests．Such a request for attention is called an interrupt．There are two kinds of interrupts：Hardware interrupts and Software interrupts．The result of an interrupt is also a triggering of the processor,SO that it jumps to a  (3) address．Examples of cases where software interrupts appear are perhaps a divide by zero，a memory segmentation fault，etc．So this kind of interrupt is not caused by a hardware event but by a specific machine language operation code．Many systems have more than one hardware interrupt line，and the hardware manufacturer typically assembles all these interrupt lines in an interrupt(4)．An Interrupt(5) is a piece of hardware that shields the OS from the electronic details of the interrupt lines，SO that interrupts can be queued and none of them gets lost．
(5)应填_________
选项 A、Cell
B、Vector
C、Controller
D、Manager
答案C
解析 操作系统也要为外围硬件服务，例如定时器、马达、传感器、通信设备、硬盘等。所有这些硬件设备都可以向操作系统发出异步请求，例如当它们想要使用操作系统时，操作系统必须保证已经做好准备对这些请求进行服务。这种请求被称作中断。中断可以被分为两类：硬件中断和软件中断。一个中断的结果是对处理器进行触发，使得处理器跳转到预定义的地址执行。例如，除以0或内存访问段错误等都可以触发软件中断。这种中断不是由硬件触发产生，而是由特定的机器语言操作代码产生。很多系统有不止一个中断线，硬件厂商一般会集成这些中断线到一个中断向量中。中断控制器是一块硬件资源，它使得操作系统不必关注中断线的电气细节特性，也使得所有中断会被队列缓存而不至于丢失。
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