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  3. To avoid the various foolish opinions to which man is liable, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you

To avoid the various foolish opinions to which man is liable, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you

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问题     To avoid the various foolish opinions to which man is liable, no superhuman genius is required. A few simple rules will keep you, not from all error, but from silly error.
    If the matter is one that can be serried by observation, make the observation yourself. (46)Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that women have fewer teeth than men, by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted. He did not do so because he thought he knew. Thinking that you know when in fact you don’t is a fatal mistake, to which we are all liable.
    Many matters, however, are less easily brought to the test of experience. (47)If, like most of mankind, you have strong convictions on many such matters, there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own prejudice. If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that you subconsciously are aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do. If someone maintains that two and two are five, or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless you know little of arithmetic or geography that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction. (48)The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way. So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion, be on your guard; you will probably find, on examination, that your belief is going beyond what the evidence justifies.
    For those who have enough psychological imagination, it is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different opinion. (49)This has one advantage, and only one, as compared with actual conversation with opponents; this one advantage ’is ’that the method is not subject to the same limitations of time and space. Mahatma Gandhi considered it unfortunate to have railways and steam boats and machinery; he would have liked to undo the whole of the industrial revolution. You may never have an opportunity of actually meeting anyone who holds this opinion, because in Western countries most people take the advantage of modern technology for granted. (50)But if you want to make sure that you are right in agreeing with the prevailing opinion, you will find it a good plan to test the arguments that occur to you by considering what Gandhi might have said in refutation of them. I have sometimes been led actually to change my mind as a result of this kind of imaginary dialogue. Furthermore, I have frequently found, myself growing, more agreeable through realizing the possible reasonableness of a hypothetical opponent.

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答案假如，像世界上大多数人那样，你对很多这样的事情十分坚信，还是有办法可以使你意识到自己的偏见。如果与您意见相左的观点使你恼怒，那就是一种迹象，说明你下意识地认识到自己的想法没有充分的理由。
解析 1)be aware of意识到，了解。例如：I was not aware of the fire．(我没有意识到失火)。2)contrary to...与…相反，句中作后置定语，修饰opinion。例如：He passed the examination，contrary to what I expected．(和我预料的情况相反，他考试及格了)。3)have reason for/to do sth．有做某事的理由/根据。good reason=every reason充分的理由。
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