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  3. Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence

Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence

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问题    Low wages, chronic unemployment and underemployment lead to low income, lack of property ownership, absence of savings, absence of food reserves in the home, and a chronic shortage of cash. These conditions reduce the possibility of effective participation in the larger economic system. As a response to these conditions, we find in the culture of poverty a high incidence of pawning personal goods, borrowing from local money-lenders at higher rates of interest, spontaneous informal credit devices organized by neighbors, the use of second-hand clothing and furniture, and the pattern of frequent buying of small quantities of food many times a day as the need arises.
   People with a culture of poverty produce very little wealth and receive very little in return. They have a low level of literacy and education, usually do not belong to labor unions, are not members of political parties, generally do not participate in the national welfare agencies, and make very little use of banks, hospitals, department stores, museums or art galleries. They have a critical attitude toward some of the basic institutions of the dominant classes, hatred of the police, mistrust of government and those in high position, and a cynicism which extends even to the church. This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing social order.
   People with a culture of poverty are aware of middle-class values, talk about them and even claim some of them as their own, but on the whole, they do not live by them. Thus, it is important to distinguish between what they say and what they do. For example, many will tell you that marriage by law, by the church, or by both is the ideal form of marriage, but few will marry. To men who have no steady jobs or other sources of income, who do not own property and have no wealth to pass on to their children, who are present-time-oriented and who want to avoid the expense and legal difficulties involved in formal marriage and divorce, free unions or consensual marriages make a lot of sense. Women will often turn down offers of marriage because they feel it ties them down to men who are immature, punishing and generally unreliable. Women feel that consensual union gives them a better break; it gives them some of the freedom and flexibility that men have. By not giving the fathers of their children legal status as husbands, the women have a stronger claim on their children if they decide to leave their men. It also gives women exclusive rights to a house or any other property they may own.
In Paragraph 2, by asserting that the culture of poverty can be used by political movements, the author______.
选项 A、predicts an uprising by the poor
B、shows how poverty may threaten social stability
C、justifies the motives of politicians
D、calls upon the middle class to fight against the poor
答案B
解析    细节识别。原句为第二段最后一句“This gives the culture of poverty a high potential for protest and for being used in political movements aimed against the existing social order”，句末的“aimed against the existing social order”是重点，有人利用他们搞政治运动，而针对的是现行社会秩序，即会威胁现有的社会秩序，或威胁社会稳定。【知识拓展】细节识别类试题中增加语义推理是比较常见的命题思路。这里隐含的意思是贫困人口因不满现状，容易组织起来进行抗议，而这种抗议往往会被他人加以利用，从而破坏现有社会秩序。原句的a high potential for…for…表示两种很高的可能性，aimed against指目的不单纯。所以不仅要读懂字面意思，还需进行深层次推理。
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