首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Mass Production: Method and Impact P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread
Mass Production: Method and Impact P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread
admin
2018-10-18
37
问题
Mass Production: Method and Impact
P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread adoption of mass production to trailblazers in the United States. With its abundant water power, coal, and raw materials but shortage of workers, America was the ideal place for building skill into machinery. The technological and managerial innovations of Thomas Edison (the father of modern day electrical devices) and the industrial leaders Andrew Carnegie (iron and steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil) proved readily adaptable throughout United States industry, spurring marvels of productivity. Late-nineteenth-century industrialists often discovered that their factories produced more goods than the market could absorb. From the start, American leaders attempted to mechanize production of barrels, nails, and other goods, and then other applications of mass production were backed by the War Department which resulted in industrial growth. Not surprisingly, these industrialists were pioneers in developing advertising and marketing techniques. Strategies for stimulating consumer demand and for differentiating one product from another were an essential component of the American post-Civil War industrial transformation.
P2: The growth of the flour industry illustrates both the spread of mass production and the emergence of new marketing concepts. During the 1800s, millions of Europeans made the New World their new homeland, and brought the most advanced European manufacturing technologies to America. Thanks to the tireless work of these "always-on" machines, production surpluses were a regular occurance. To sell the excess, the mills put forward new product lines, such as cake flours and breakfast cereals, and sold them using easy-to-remember brand names.
P3: Through marketing strategies like brand names, trademarks, and slogans, manufacturers encouraged demand for their products and won remarkable consumer loyalty. Large numbers of Americans bought a brand of soap first made in 1897 in Cincinnati, Ohio, because of the overly precise but impressive pledge that it was "99 and 44/100ths percent pure". In the field of photography, "You press the button, we do the rest" was a popular advertising slogan created by George Eastman in 1888 for his Kodak camera. He wanted to simplify photography and make it available to everyone, not just confined to trained photographers. Eastman announced the invention of photographic film in rolls. Pre-loaded with enough film for 100 exposures, the Kodak camera could easily be carried and moved during its operation. After the film was exposed , the whole camera was returned to the Kodak company where the film was developed, prints were made, new photographic film was inserted, and then the camera and prints were returned to the customer.
P4: By 1900, the chaos of early industrial competition, when thousands of small companies had struggled to enter a national market, had given way to an economy dominated by a few enormous enterprises. The cost was high, too, for millions of American workers, immigrant and native-born alike. The new industrial order was built on the backs of an army of laborers who were paid subsistence wages and who could be fired at a moment’s notice when hard times or new technologies made them expendable. Moreover, industrialization often devastated the environment with pollution in the relentless drive for efficiency and profit.
P5: In practice, this industrial revolution brought social benefits as well, in the form of labor-saving products, lower prices, and advances in transportation and communications. Mass production permitted great increases in total production and allowed the evolution of consumerism by lowering the unit cost of many goods used. Using a European crafting system into the late 19th century, it was difficult to meet demand for products such as sewing machines and animal powered mechanical harvesters. By the late 1920s many previously scarce goods were in healthy supply. At the same time, industrialization encouraged greedy entrepreneurs to operate factories in which the poor worked long hours in unhealthy conditions with pitifully low wages.
P1: Even with the early successes in Europe, scholars of technology attribute the widespread adoption of mass production to trailblazers in the United States. With its abundant water power, coal, and raw materials but shortage of workers, America was the ideal place for building skill into machinery. The technological and managerial innovations of Thomas Edison (the father of modern day electrical devices) and the industrial leaders Andrew Carnegie (iron and steel) and John D. Rockefeller (oil) proved readily adaptable throughout United States industry, spurring marvels of productivity. ■ Late-nineteenth-century industrialists often discovered that their factories produced more goods than the market could absorb. ■ From the start, American leaders attempted to mechanize production of barrels, nails, and other goods, and then other applications of mass production were backed by the War Department which resulted in industrial growth. ■ Not surprisingly, these industrialists were pioneers in developing advertising and marketing techniques. ■ Strategies for stimulating consumer demand and for differentiating one product from another were an essential component of the American post-Civil War industrial transformation.
According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about George Eastman’s innovations in photography is true?
选项
A、He introduced a paper-based photographic film that was easy for customers to develop on their own.
B、He manufactured a camera that was more expensive but easier to operate than earlier cameras.
C、He introduced a system in which customers could exchange defective film and cameras for new ones.
D、He provided customers with the service of developing their film and reloading their cameras.
答案
D
解析
【事实信息题】末两句提到George Eastman宣布了成卷的照相胶卷的发明。预装有足够100次曝光的胶卷,柯达相机容易携带,并且可以手持操作。胶卷用完之后,整个相机被送回柯达公司,然后进行胶卷冲洗、照片冲印。并且插入新胶卷,最后将照相机和照片返还给客户。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/RffO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Whatkindofresearchmethoddoestheprofessorrecommend?
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.HowtokillbadinsectsChemicalmethodsThesesolutions
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Writethecorrectletter,A-F,nexttoquestions21-26.AVideoResourceCentreBReadingRoomCFoodServiceCentreDPeriodic
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Whatkindofresearchmethoddoestheprofessorrecommend?
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.PlanningapresentationonnanotechnologyWhatdoesthetutoradviseRusstodonextwhil
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.PlanningapresentationonnanotechnologyRussandhistutoragreethathisapproachint
Whatdideachpersonsaywastheprincipalcauseofstressforthem?ChooseFOURanswersfromtheboxandwritethecorrectlett
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.ExampleMIDDLEBURYLANGUAGESCHOOLCLASS
随机试题
理想流体在同一流管中做稳定流动时,对于不同截面的流量是:
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分E.条件(1)和条件(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联
A.梗死灶呈节段性B.梗死易液化C.梗死灶呈锥形D.梗死灶呈地图状E.梗死灶呈化脓性脾梗死
男,45岁,肝炎病史10年,近2个月来感腹胀明显,心慌、气促,呼吸困难。查体:腹部膨隆,状如蛙腹,B超示大量腹水。其腹水发生的原因不包括
在战争、饥荒、瘟疫及疾病高发区的调查研究和实际考察属于
某市政府拟投资建一大型垃圾焚烧发电站工程项目。该项目除厂房及有关设施的土建工程外,还有全套进口垃圾焚烧发电设备及垃圾处理专业设备的安装工程。厂房范围内地质勘察资料反映地基地质条件复杂,地基处理采用钻孔灌注桩。招标单位委托某咨询公司进行全过程投资管理。该项目
()是指在中国境外注册、在香港上市但主要业务在中国内地或大部分股东权益来自中国内地的股票。
甲公司拟加盟乙快餐集团,乙集团对加盟企业采取不从零开始的加盟政策,将已运营2年以上、达到盈亏平衡条件的自营门店整体转让给符合条件的加盟商,加盟经营协议期限15年,加盟时一次性支付450万元加盟费,加盟期内,每年按年营业额的10%向乙集团支付特许经营权使用费
教师成某带领小班幼儿进行户外活动,东东在玩滑梯时突然从滑梯上摔伤。事后调取监控录像发现,事发时成某背对着幼儿活动区域。对东东所受伤害应承担赔偿责任的主体是()。(2017年下半年真题)
A、 B、 C、 D、 C
最新回复
(
0
)