首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, asses
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, asses
admin
2010-05-25
42
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clari- lying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intu- ition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of dar8 and practice into an integrated picture, often in an "Aha" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes patterns.
One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Which of the following best exemplifies "an ’Aha!’ experience" (Line 6, Para. 3) as is presented in the text?
选项
A、A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable.
B、A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.
C、A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.
D、A manager swiftly decides which of several tactics to implement to deal with a problem.
答案
C
解析
推断题。第3段第6句中的synthesize与选项C中的connects意思相近,且isolated bits of data and practice也即该选项中的unrelated facts and experiences,因此可把答案先定位于选项C,然后再仔细通读选项C便可确定其与原句意思相符,即为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Rp2K777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
AccordingtoPakistaniPresident,thechancesofthetwocountriesgoingtowarwere______
What’stheagreementbetweenthegovernmentandtheunionleadersabout?
Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen______dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluence.
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Scientistsaroundtheworldareracingtolearnhowtorapidlydiagnose,treatandstopthespreadofanew,deadlydisease.SAR
Manystudentsownacompanybeforetheirgraduation.What’syouropiniononthisphenomenon?WriteonANSWERSHEETTWOacomp
Theyhavebeentryingtofindouttheidentityofthewriterofthe______letter,butinvain.
TheMartiansurfacetemperatureis100degreesbelowzeroatnight,sothatbutterputoutsidewillnot______.
ComeSeptember,thecampusesofAmericawillbeswarmingnotjustwithreturningundergraduates,butalsowithemployersseton
随机试题
党的十八大提出,科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑,必须摆在国家发展全局的核心位置。
创伤性动脉压监测通常选用
关于温度波的衰减,下列叙述正确的为()。
屋外配电装置的构架设计应考虑正常运行、安装、检修时的各种荷载组合,正常运行时,应取设计()三种情况中最严重者。
由于下面哪几个原因引起的设计和投资变化,需要按照调整概算的有关程序调整概算()。
如果注册会计师计划对业务流程层面的有关控制进行进一步的了解和评价,针对业务流程中容易发生错报的环节,注册会计师的下列做法中,正确的有()。
率先正式使用“班级”一词的是著名教育家()。
教学是教师有目的、有计划地促进学生掌握知识和技能的过程。()
根据下列资料,回答下列问题。央行2015年3月公布了2014年12月金融统计数据报告。具体如下:①广义货币增长12.2%,狭义货币增长3.2%。12月月末,广义货币(M2)余额122.84万亿元,同比增长12.2%,增速分别比上月月末和上年年末低0.
关于2008——2012年间国家电网公司清洁能源的发展,能够从资料中推出的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)