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  3. Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead

Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead

admin2022-08-06  15
问题     Parents looking to steer their teens away from drugs may want to encourage them stay in bed longer. Lack of sleep seems to lead to increased drug use—not the other way around, as many researchers previously concluded—and this is likely to be a pattern of behaviour that teenagers acquire from their friends.
    Establishing whether one behaviour leads to another usually requires an experiment in which a particular variable is controled. But in the first analysis of its kind, Mednick and her team used changes in the friendship networks of 90,000 teens during the course of a school year as a "natural experiment" to discover what influences led them to use cannabis. They say their analysis showed not only that cannabis and poor sleep spread together, but also that lack of sleep was causing marijuana use.
    Having one friend who had less than 7 hours of shut-eye a night increased the likelihood that a teenager had also used marijuana by 20 per cent, the team found. Also, the more sleep-deprived friends the teenager had, the more likely it was that he or she smoked dope. The team also found that the most popular teenagers were the ones most likely to sleep poorly, do drugs and pass these behaviours on.
    To reduce the possibility that a shared environmental factor may explain these connections, Med-nick’s team took into account differences between teenagers, including race, sex, parents’ income and education. Another complication is that teenagers tend to pick friends based on a mutual interest, be it football or French or recreational drug use.
    But Mednick says that the pattern of changes in the social networks show the teens are not simply picking like-minded friends, but that friends are driving each other’s behaviour. Mutual friends had more influence on the sleep habits and drug use of one another than pairs where only one person named the other as a friend. Teens whose friendship was not mutually felt by a classmate they named had little or no effect on that friend’s behaviour.
    Susan Tapert, a psychologist also at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study, agrees that poor sleep may lead to drug use, but also says the two behaviours probably reinforce one another. Mednick hopes to use a similar approach to find out if sleeping badly is related to gambling and other impulsive acts. Team member James Fowler sees social networks as a useful tool for teasing out cause and effect. He and Mednick write: "People are connected, and so their health behaviours are connected."
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that social network may
选项 A、connect people but not their health behavior.
B、result in the mutual reinforcement of poor sleep and drug use.
C、be a very useful tool to tease out all logical relations.
D、help find the relation of poor sleep and gambling.
答案D
解析 最后一段第二句指出，美德尼克希望找出睡眠与赌博是否存在一定的关联；第三句接着讲，研究小组的成员认为人际关系网是梳理因果关系的有力工具，由此推断人际关系网可以帮助找到睡不好和赌博之间是否存在联系。所以D项正确。根据最后一段最后一句可知，人们的健康行为也是相互联系，所以A项错误；睡眠不足和吸毒可能会相互强化，但与社交关系网无关，由此排除B项；C项tease out logical relations(理清逻辑关系)中“所有逻辑关系”外延过大，文中只指出因果关系，故排除C项。调查结果要说明的是本段首句的内容，所答非所问，也可排除。
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