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  3. Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present

Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present

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问题     Pragmatism is a philosophical movement that has had a major impact on American culture from the late 19th century to the present.   Pragmatism calls【C1】________ideas and theories to be tested in practice, by【C2】________whether acting upon the idea or theory produces desirable or undesirable results.
    The ideas of the pragmatists were considered【C3】________when they first appeared. To some critics, pragmatism’s【C4】________to affirm any absolute standards carried negative implications for society. 【C5】________, pragmatists do not believe that a single absolute idea of goodness or justice exists, but【C6】________that these concepts are changeable and depend on the【C7】________in which they are being discussed. The【C8】________of these absolutes, critics feared, could result in a(n) 【C9】________in moral standards. The pragmatists’ denial of absolutes, 【C10】________challenged  the  foundations  of religion, government, and  schools  of thought. 【C11】________         pragmatism  influenced  developments  in  psychology, sociology, and  many  other schools and movements.【C12】________    political groups have also drawn【C13】________the assumptions of pragmatism, from the progressive movements of the early 20th century to later experiments in social reform.
    Pragmatism is best【C14】________in its historical and cultural context. It arose during the late 19th century, a period of rapid scientific advancement【C15】________by the theories of British biologist Charles Darwin, whose theories【C16】________to many thinkers that humanity and society are in a【C17】________state of progress. During this same period, a decline in【C18】________religious beliefs and values accompanied the industrialization and material progress of the time. In【C19】________, it became necessary to rethink【C20】________ideas about values, religion, science, community, and individuality.
【C18】
选项 A、universal
B、prevalent
C、traditional
D、representative
答案C
解析 这句话所表达的意思是，随着工业化和物质进步，宗教信仰和价值观逐渐衰落，工业化是新兴事物，物质进步是向前发展的，因此可推断，此处表达的是一个与这两者相对应的含义，即传统的宗教信仰和价值观，故选C。
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