首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making
admin
2011-01-05
58
问题
If asked, "What are health decisions?", most of us would answer in terms of hospitals, doctors and pills. Yet we are all making a whole range of decisions about our health which go beyond this limited area; for example, whether or not to smoke, exercise, drive a motorbike, or drink alcohol really. The ways we reach decisions and form attitudes about our health are only just beginning to be understood.
The main paradox is why people consistently do things which are known to be very hazardous. Two good examples of this are smoking and not wearing seat belts. Both these examples underline elements of how people reach decisions about their health. Understanding this process is crucial. We can then more effectively change public attitudes to hazardous, voluntary activities like smoking.
Smokers run double the risk of contracting heart disease, several times the risk of suffering from chronic bronchitis and at least 25 times the risk of lung cancer, as compared to non-smokers. Despite extensive press campaigns ( especially in the past 20 years) , which have regularly told smokers and car drivers the grave risks they are running, the number of smokers and seat belt wearers has remained much the same. Although the number of deaths from road accidents and smoking are well publicised, they have aroused little public interest.
If we give smokers the real figures, will it alter their views on the dangers of smoking? Unfortunately not. Many of the "real figures" are in the form of probabilistic estimates, and evidence shows that people are very bad at processing and understanding this kind of information.
The kind of information that tends to be relied on both by the smoker and seat belt non-wearer is anecdotal, based on personal experiences. All smokers seem to have an Uncle Bill or an Auntie Mabel who has been smoking cigarettes since they were twelve, lived to 90, and died because they fell down the stairs. And if they don’t have such an aunt or uncle, they are certain to have heard of someone who has. Similarly, many motorists seem to have heard of people who would have been killed if they had been wearing seat belts.
Reliance on this kind of evidence and not being able to cope with "probabilistic" data form the two main foundation stones of people’s assessment of risk. A third is reliance on press-publicised dangers and causes of death. American psychologists have shown that people overestimate the frequency (and therefore the danger) of the dramatic causes of death (like aeroplane crashes)and underestimate the undramatic, unpublicised killers (like smoking) which actually take a greater toll of life.
What is needed is some way of changing people’s evaluations of and attitudes to the risks of certain activities like smoking. What can be done? The "national" approach of giving people the "facts and figures" seems ineffective. But the evidence shows that when people are frightened, they are more likely to change their estimates of the dangers involved in smoking or not wearing seat belts. Press and television can do this very cost-effectively. Programmes like Dying for a Fag (a Thames TV programme) vividly showed the health hazards of smoking and may have increased the chances of people stopping smoking permanently.
So a mass-media approach may work. But it needs to be carefully controlled. Overall, the new awareness of the problem of health decisions and behaviour is at least a more hopeful sign for the future.
For answers 51-55, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
Nowadays more and more people pay attention to their health and lifestyle.
选项
A、Y
B、N
C、NG
答案
NG
解析
文段并没有提及人们对健康意识的现状,而是具体谈到了吸烟和不系安全带,这些决定有碍健康。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SK8K777K
本试题收录于:
A类竞赛(研究生)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
A类竞赛(研究生)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
NEWYORKMay26,(Reuters)—AttorneyDennisKeniganjustspentaweekrisingatdaybreaktoanswere-mailsandfieldconferencec
NEWYORKMay26,(Reuters)—AttorneyDennisKeniganjustspentaweekrisingatdaybreaktoanswere-mailsandfieldconferencec
—WouldyoumindansweringafewquestionsforasurveyI’mdoing?—______—Howdoyoufeelaboutthefundingforuniversityeduc
Writeanairpollutionreportinaround120wordsandwriteitontheanswersheet.
WriteareportonwintersportsinChinainabout120wordsontheanswersheet.WARMINGUPParticipationinjunioricehockeyl
Doctorsoftentellpatientstotakeacertainkindofmedicineinorderto【D1】______anillness.Forexample,apatientmaynee
Ittakesjustacoupleoflittletwiststoturnthesematchsticksintoamessage.Canyoufindtheword?
Allhertime_________experiments,shehasnotimeforsports.
随机试题
“不管白猫、黑猫,抓到老鼠就是好猫”,此谚语能够生动地描述某种道德观的基本精神。这种道德观是()
病孩王阿毛是下列哪部作品中的人物形象()
海浮石的功能是________、________、_______;礞石的功效是________、________。
上肢伸展肌力的高强度作业活动为
下列属于会计数据处理功能基本要求的有()。
甲公司是制造业企业,采用管理用财务报表进行分析,下列各项中,属于甲公司金融负债的有()。
在“3.15”消费者权益日的活动中,对甲、乙两家商场售后服务的满意度进行了抽查,如图反映了被抽查用户对两家商场售后服务的满意程度(以下称:用户满意度),分为很不满意、不满意、较满意、很满意四个等级,并依次记为1分、2分、3分、4分.请你根据所学的统计知
《刑法》第6条:“凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的,除法律有特别规定的以外,都适用本法。凡在中华人民共和国船舶或者航空器内犯罪的,也适用本法。犯罪的行为或者结果有一项发生在中华人民共和国领域内的,就认为是在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪。”请分析:第1款中法
以下程序的输出结果是【】。fun(intx,inty,intz){z=x*x+y*y;}main(){inta=31;fun(6,3,a)printf("%d,a)}
What’stheconversationmainlyabout?
最新回复
(
0
)