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  3. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

admin2022-08-28  44
问题     Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
    The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than their counterparts did in the ten other countries surveyed.
    While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry (抗议) , many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
    But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth becoming centralization (集中) , fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
What’s Toshiki Kaifu’s opinion about Japanese education?
选项 A、It should reinforce the basic aspects of education.
B、It aims to eliminate the root of campus violence.
C、It has failed in nurturing kids’ moral virtues.
D、It should undergo a complete reform on morals.
答案C
解析 细节题。根据题干中的Toshiki Kaifu定位到第三段第一句和第二句。本段前两句指出，虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调应试和机械学习而忽视创造性和自我表达。在考分中得不到体现的那些东西——一个性、能力、勇气或人性——完全被忽视了。第一句是本段主题句，第二句Toshiki Kaifu的话是对第一句的进一步解释和说明。从中可看出，Toshiki Kaifu认为日本的教育注重应试和机械学习却忽视了对个性、能力、勇气或人性等这些道德品质的教育。可知C项符合文意，故选C。文中提到的是“忽视道德品质的教育”。因而D项中的“应对道德观念进行全盘改革”与文意不符。
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