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  3. In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relianc

In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relianc

admin2010-09-10  30
问题     In Forces of Production, David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled artisans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machinists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management.  Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of "de-skilling"－the use of technology to replace skilled labor--to the automation of the ma chine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitalized "numerical-control" (N/C) technology, rather than to artisan-generated "record-playback" (R/P) technology.
    Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowledgement of workers’ skills: unlike N/C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to "teach" machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’s only evidence of conspiracy is that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he concludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.
Which of the following best characterizes Forces of Production as it is described in the passage?
选项 A、A comparison of two interpretations of how a particular industry evolved
B、An examination of the origin of a particular concept in industrial economics
C、A study that points out the weakness of a particular interpretation of an industrial phenomenon
D、A history of a particular industry from an ideological point of view
答案D
解析 细节题。哪个选项概括了Nobel《生产力》这本书?A．“comparison”原文无。B．检验一概念起源，原文没有相应的文字支持。C．指出对于一工业现象的特定解释的弱点。这是作者本文的概括，而非Ｎobel的意图。Ｄ．正确。从意识形态角度出发的一特定工业的历史。意识形态指“马克思主义观点”特定工业：机器工业中的自动化。
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