首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Wikipedia’s Trembling [A] Wikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! That’s the line repeated by the media every six months or so s
Wikipedia’s Trembling [A] Wikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! That’s the line repeated by the media every six months or so s
admin
2017-12-07
34
问题
Wikipedia’s Trembling
[A] Wikipedia is dying! Wikipedia is dying! That’s the line repeated by the media every six months or so since 2009, when Spanish researcher Felipe Ortega first noticed that unprecedented numbers of volunteer editors were abandoning the sixth most popular website in the world. As the now familiar story goes, the byzantine (极其复杂的) infrastructure behind the free, crowdsourced encyclopedia—30 million articles in 287 languages, including more than 4.3 million in English—is choking to death. Wikipedia pessimists say the site is fatally blocked by white American men who would rather describe the extreme details of a new breed of Pokemnon or fervently debate the politicization of an Arabic food than guide a diverse group of new editors around the world.
[B] The other corrosive element is the pervasive fighting by editors that sometimes supersedes (替代) the facts. "You have to realize that there are two very different sides to Wikipedia," Tare, a 40-year-old IT worker from New England, told Newsweek in an email. One is "the public face of Jimbo Wales and ’the sum of human knowledge,’ represented in tens of hundreds of thousands of articles, i.e. the encyclopedia proper." The other is "harsh and ugly," like "taking the red pill and waking up in the Matrix."
[C] In many ways, Wikipedia is a victim of its success, and the Wiki spirit upon which it was founded. The site grew quickly: more than 20,000 articles in 18 languages just one year after Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger founded it in January 2001. Two years later, Wales launched the Wikimedia Foundation to finance and run the site; the nonprofit now has a staff of 187 people who develop and maintain open-content, Wild-based products. After the site, saw gigantic growth from 2004 to 2007—the English-language Wikipedia had around 750,000 entries by late 2005—the community created some tools to preserve quality and accuracy. Things didn’t go as planned
[D] A study published in the American Behavioral Science Journal by former Wikimedia fellows earlier this year found that the new automated quality-control tools and bureaucratic editing guidelines "crippled the very growth they were designed to manage" by scaring off new editors: The proportion of "desirable newcomers"—defined in the study as both "good-faith" editors who try but fail to be productive and "golden" (successful) contributors—entering Wikipedia has not changed since 2006, and they are significantly more likely than their predecessors to have their first contributions rejected. The number of editors peaked in 2007 and has been falling ever since, and it’s now next-to-impossible to become a high-ranking "administrator," editors who check entries for accuracy and fairness.
[E] The Wikimedia foundation disclosed in its 2011-2012 annual report that "declining participation is by far the most serious problem facing the Wikimedia projects." The Wikimedia fellows behind a comprehensive study led by computer scientist and University of Minnesota Ph.D. candidate Aaron Halfaker were more blunt: They suggested Wikipedia change its motto from "the encyclopedia that anyone can edit" to "the encyclopedia that anyone who understands the norms, socializes him or herself, dodges the impersonal wall of semiautomated rejection and still wants to voluntarily contribute his or her time and energy can edit."
[F] Wikimedia has been working hard on this problem, but the site is still "almost entirely written by techno-Libertarian white guys in their 30s," said Kevin Gorman, a longtime Wikipedia editor who has done work for the Wikimedia Foundation. According to a 2011 worldwide Wikipedia Editor Survey, the typical editor is college-educated, 30 years old, and intimidatingly tech-sawy (懂行的人); 91 percent of them are men.
[G] Headlines proclaiming Wikipedia’s decline are "exaggerated and wrong," said Andrew Lih, a journalism professor at American University and author of The Wikipedia Revolution. Even Halfaker thinks there’s hope. "I’m inspired by what Wikipedia has done for the accessibility and access of knowledge generally," he told Newsweek. "But that doesn’t mean that we can’t do better."
[H] Wikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner told Newsweek that Wikimedia is primarily focused on fixing the infrastructure, streamlining Wikipedia’s weak and inscrutable (高深莫测的) text-based editing tool so that it’s as accessible to undergraduates and grandmas as it is to geeks (极客). She believes Visual Editor, currently in buggy Beta (测试), will do just that—as soon as it stops crashing.
[I] She also pointed to another pet cause: modifying the site’s interface in small ways most users probably won’t notice. For example, when Wikimedia realized that successful editors got their sea legs by fixing typing errors, the foundation started directing new registrants toward articles full of them. "The idea is to handhold people so they’re getting positive feedback," she said. According to Wikimedia, that quick fix has led to 3,000 new Wikipedians a month making their first edits.
[J] Wikimedia has also hired diversity advocates like Sarah Stierch, a longtime Wikipedia editor and gender issues campaigner. Before joining Wikimedia as a program evaluation community coordinator, Stierch held a paid Wikimedia fellowship during which she focused on gender work and taught women around the country how to edit Wikipedia. She also founded Teahouse, described on its Wikipedia page as "a friendly place to help new editors become accustomed to Wikipedia culture, ask questions, and develop community relationships."
[K] Additionally, Wikimedia helps organize domestic and global education programs in which volunteer "ambassadors" work with college professors to assign Wikipedia entries. Gardner extolled (赞扬) the virtues of the program in Egypt, launched in spring 2012 to tackle the gender gap on the Arabic Wikipedia It reached out to arts and languages departments, where there is a higher percentage of female students. According to Wikimedia, 87 percent of the Egyptian student-editors in the program are women, and they’ve added more than 1,000 articles to the Arabic Wikipedia and have made needed edits on many existing articles.
[L] Gorman, the regional ambassador for the U.S. Education Program for California and Hawaii, spoke passionately of his work with professors and undergraduates. But he said the program lacks oversight (监督), particularly when it comes to targeting underrepresented topics, and wishes Wikimedia would consider paying ambassadors. "A lot of Wikipedians have a strong irrational fear of money," he said, which he believes holds back widespread progress.
[M] Gardner’s response: "I don’t think we would ever consider paying ambassadors, because we really don’t have to. Wikipedians naturally want to share. They like coaching new people." Gardner believes Wiki-media’s initiatives will start paying off in the next few years—and they might—but the data aren’t impressive. Stierch said her grassroots groups haven’t attracted new women to editing and that Wikimedia still struggles to find women for leadership positions.
[N] Even if Wikimedia fails to draw a diverse group of users who want to edit, not just battle one another, it seems unlikely that Wikipedia will self-destruct What it offers the world is imperfect, but so much better than no Wikipedia at all—even if, as Stierch said, the site "epitomizes (成为……的缩影) a project started by good-faith white males," like so much written history and cultural research in the Western world, that may take years to change, "I can’t even imagine a world without Wikipedia at this point," Stierch said. "Can you?"
According to a worldwide survey, Wikipedia editors are overwhehningly made up of male.
选项
答案
F
解析
本题涉及维基百科的编辑性别,根据worldwide survey和male定位到F段。该段最后一句提到,根据2011年全球维基百科编辑调查,典型的维基编辑是:受过大学教育,年龄30岁左右,精通科技:其中男性占到91%。题目中的overwhelmingly made up对应原文的91 percent of them are men。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SOU7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnTVDatingShows.Youshouldwriteatleast150word
AmericansEugeneFama,LarsPeterHansenandRobertShillerwontheNobelPrizeforeconomicsonMondayfordevelopingmethodst
TradingModernistforMcmansion[A]In1949W.ClintonBackusandhiswifehireda43-year-olddesignernamedGretaMagnusson
FiveMythsaboutCollegeDebt[A]Thetrillion-dollarstudentdebtburdenhascausedmanydebatesaboutthevalueofcollege.
Ifyoudidn’tknowanybetter,youmightthinkthatStar,Snuppy,CCandANDiwerejustabunchofinterestingnames.You’donly
Anybrainexerciseisbetterthanbeingatotalmentalcouchpotato.Buttheactivitieswiththemost【C1】______arethosethatr
A、Marketing.B、InternationalBusiness.C、Accounting.D、Education.A细节题。男士说自己有进入会计和国际贸易行业的想法,但现在倾向于修市场营销的学位。
A、Shewasafraidshe’dbealoneforever.B、Shewantedtohaveaperfectfamily.C、Shewasfinanciallyandmentallyready.D、She
北京的一大特色就是有无数的“胡同”(Hutong)。平民百姓在那儿生活,给古都北京带来了无穷魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境,而且还是一门建筑艺术。它反映了社会的变迁兴衰。通常,一个大杂院(courtyardcomplex),也叫四合院(qua
A、Godhasgivenhimamiracleinhislife.B、Noonebuthimselfcanchangethecircumstances.C、Hetakesmoneyasnothingcompar
随机试题
喹诺酮类药物的抗菌机制是
2个月婴儿,拒食,吐奶,嗜睡3天。查体:面色青灰,前囟饱满,脐部少许脓性分泌物。最应该进行的检查足
女,65岁。反复腹痛伴停止排气排便5天。少尿2天。查体:T37.8℃,P111次/分,R22次/分,BP80/50mmHg,全腹膨隆,全腹无压痛、反跳痛,未触及包块,肠鸣音减弱。电解质:K+2.35mmol/L,Na+137mmol/L,Cl-10
用铁剂治疗缺铁性贫血,疗效表现最早的为( )
关于联合用药A、普萘洛尔B、利血平C、甲氧氯普胺D、阿托品E、排钾利尿药与吗啡合用,可减轻吗啡所引起的平滑肌痉挛而加强镇痛作用的是
证券间关联性极低的多元化证券组合可以有效地降低系统风险。()
下列各项中,会引起留存收益总额发生增减变动的是()。
下列各项中,适用我国企业所得税法律制度的是( )。
各级旅游主管部门应当积极组织开展导游培训,培训内容应当包括()。
世界观是()。
最新回复
(
0
)