2. 外语
  3. Disagreement marks historical appraisals of America’ s emergence as a great power at the turn of the twentieth century. On the o

Disagreement marks historical appraisals of America’ s emergence as a great power at the turn of the twentieth century. On the o

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问题      Disagreement marks historical appraisals of America’ s emergence as a great power at the turn of the twentieth century. On the one hand, historians have praised the maturing of the Republic, which was now able to take its place among the arbiters of the world’ s destinies. On the other hand, many writers have tried to define America’ s new floe indistinctive terms. They argue that the United States did not enter the great power game as just another player but introduced a new style of diplomatic play and perhaps even a new set of rules.
     Judgments clash about these innovations. An older school of thought stresses the idealism that America brought to the world arena. More recently, "New left" revisionists have charged that America’ s contribution to international life was the self-serving notion of "informal empire," typified by a worldwide Open Door doctrine. This strategy avoided formal territorial possession but sought economic dominance of foreign raw materials, markets, and investments.
     Historians disagree further about the motivating impulses of American diplomacy. Recent "revisionists" have tended almost exclusively to emphasize domestic economic factors in explaining American foreign policy, the United States sought foreign markets, the argument goes, to solve the problems of domestic overproduction and constant business depressions. Other scholars respond that international politics can only be properly understood in an international con- text. They argue that Theodore Roosevelt, for example, acted not for narrow domestic reasons but because he realistically perceived that if the United States did not hold its own against the other powers, it would soon risk being eclipsed on the world stage, and even being pushed around in its own hemisphere, despite the Monroe Doctrine.
The Roosevelt example is used to ______.
选项 A、support the traditional view about the U.S.
B、refute the view of the recent "revisionists"
C、refute the Monroe Doctrine
D、support Roosevelt’ s foreign policy
答案B
解析 围绕着美国的外交政策的动机(motivating impulses)也有许多争议。在这方同，新“左”派几乎只强调国内经济因素的影响。他们认为，美国寻求海外市场的根本目的是解决国内因生产过剩和频繁的经济危机(Business depression)带来的问题。对此，不少学者认为，国际政策的制定只能在国际环境下来理解，如罗斯福总统就是在审时度势之后才制定出了相应的外交政策的。可见，这个例子是用于驳斥(refute)新“左”派理论家的观点的。C意为：“驳斥门罗主义政策”。(注：美国总统门罗在1823年宣布了美国
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