首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Growing up without a father around can present a lot of challenges to a girl. Quite apart from the behaviour problems and lower
Growing up without a father around can present a lot of challenges to a girl. Quite apart from the behaviour problems and lower
admin
2009-06-24
80
问题
Growing up without a father around can present a lot of challenges to a girl. Quite apart from the behaviour problems and lower academic achievement that can accompany father absence, there are also potential consequences for sexual behaviour and relationships later in life: Daughters who grow up without a father in their home are more likely to reach puberty earlier, have sex earlier and are more likely to get divorced.
Dr. Lynda Boothroyd and Professor David Perrett at St. Andrews University asked webrecruited volunteers to rate the appearance of the faces of three groups of women: those whose parents had a good relationship as they were growing tip, those whose father was absent, and those whose parents stayed together but had a poor relationship.
66.__________.
So why should separated or warring parents be associated with masculinity in daughters? One theory is that stress during childhood could raise cortisol levels, and there is some evidence that this can have masculinising effects.
67.__________.
The researchers suggest that the link between parental relationships and appearance could have repercussions for the daughters’ choices of partner and success in relationships later in life, because, in general, less attractive women need to have lower expectations of partner quality or be willing to settle for short-term relationships.
68.__________.
Dr. David Waynforth, of Durham University, studied the effects of father absence in a Mayan population in Belize and found that sons of absent fathers had more masculine faces. He speculates that a masculine appearance and hence high testosterone levels may be a response to help overcome the disadvantage of being without a father, enabling sons to push their interests more aggressively to make their way in society.
69.__________.
Another potential influence on a woman’s sexual behaviour is the quality of relationships she has with men as she grows up. Professor Bruce Ellis, of the University of Arizona, found in a long- term study of girls in the United States and New Zealand that daughters whose fathers were absent tended to reach puberty earlier, and were much more likely to become pregnant as a teenager than daughters with two resident parents. He found that this early sexual activity was more pronounced in girls who were deprived of a father from early in life. Even among the girls who lived with their fathers, those who had a closer father-daughter relationship delayed sexual relationships for longer. Prof Ellis suggests that the quality of a girl’s relationship with her father, especially in the first five or so years of life, becomes internalised and sets the stage for her later sexual behaviour. Could the same be true of the physical effects that we see?
"The key research agenda for the future will be to assess facial masculinity and attractiveness in girls early in life", Prof Ellis says, "and then to determine whether girls who experience father absence and poor mother-father relationships change over time to become more masculinising and less attractive".
70.__________.
The St Andrews University study rated daughters of warring couples as the least attractive and they were deemed less healthy looking than those of separated parents, perhaps as a result of ongoing family tension. But as Dr. Boothroyd says: "It’s nothing new to suggest that long-term psycho-social stress is not good for children".
A. Another possibility is that hormones are responsible for both marital strife and masculinity in daughters: High parental testosterone levels or sensitivity could increase the chances of marital problems and desertion by the father, and if passed on to daughters could lead to a more masculine appearance.
B. The study, published in Proceedings of the Royal Society, found that father absence and parental marital strife were associated with less attractive, more masculine faces in daughters. The researchers also found that these women tended to have less feminine body shapes and more body fat than women whose parents had a good, stable relationship.
C. For all the disadvantages to girls of being without a father when they are growing up, they can take some comfort in the fact that they are likely to be more attractive than those whose parents stayed together in spite of marital strife.
D. "If you’re more masculine it’s going to be harder to get a good quality mate, in terms of what you’ve got to bargain with", says Dr. Boothroyd. "This could be driving certain elements of why women who grew up without fathers are less likely to be in long-term relationships".
E. Girls who enter puberty later generally had fathers who were active participants in care-giving; had fathers who were supportive to the girls’ mothers; and had positive relationships with their mothers. But it’s the fathers’ involvement, rather than the mothers’, which seems to be paramount to the age of the girls’ development.
F. Dr. Waynforth doesn’t think that women raised without a father around would be at a reproductive disadvantage. "While they may through higher facial masculinity be rated a bit lower for physical attractiveness, they should be more driven to seek sex and more sexual partners", he says, "assuming testosterone affects female sexual behaviour in the same ways that it seems to affect male sexual behaviour".
选项
答案
A
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SjTd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
RuthBenedict’shighlypopularbookPatternsofCulturestressedtheroleofcultureinpersonalityformation.
WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage1Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandbor
Farmers’MarketsCharlotteHollinsknowsshefacesabattle.The23-year-oldBritishfarmerandher21-year-oldbrotherBen
GlobalWarmingFewpeoplenowquestiontherealityofglobalwarminganditseffectsontheworld’sclimate.Manyscientists
TheJoyofLivingAloneMoreandmoreAmericansarelivingalone.Somelivealonebecauseofdivorceorthedeathofapartne
TheJoyofLivingAloneMoreandmoreAmericansarelivingalone.Somelivealonebecauseofdivorceorthedeathofapartne
TheySayIreland’stheBestIrelandisthebestplaceintheworldtoliveinfor2005,accordingtoalifequalityranking
Thereasonfortheirunusualbehaviorremainsapuzzle.
ResultingfromthebombingoftheWordTradeCenter,AmericansfearedthattheywouldbeattackedbythenationshostiletoAmer
ResultingfromthebombingoftheWordTradeCenter,AmericansfearedthattheywouldbeattackedbythenationshostiletoAmer
随机试题
关于滋养细胞肿瘤下述哪项是正确的
男孩,10岁,左膝外伤4天,剧烈疼痛,活动受限,高热,体温39.6℃。体格检查:右胫骨上端明显深压痛,浮髌试验(+)。化验:血白细胞数1.8×109/L,中性粒细胞0.90,为明确诊断,下一步应该
在一起共同犯罪案件中,主犯王某被判处有期徒刑15年,剥夺政治权利3年,并处没收个人财产;主犯朱某被判处有期徒刑10年,剥夺政治权利2年,罚金2万元人民币;从犯李某被判处有期徒刑8个月,剩余刑期2个月;从犯周某被判处管制1年,剥夺政治权利1年。在本案中,
房地产中介机构代理销售不符合销售条件的商品房的,由县级以上房地产行政主管部门处以警告,责令停止销售,并可处以()的罚款。[2007年考试真题]
把课程计划和课程实施的关系隐喻为“建筑图纸和具体施工”,反映的是幼儿园课程实施的()取向。
发明专利在我国受保护的期限是()。
下列生活中常见做法解释正确的是:
东方问题是近代东欧的重大国际问题,它不包括()。
甲公司年末某项交易性投资账面余额为50万元,市价为47万元,据此计算,年末该项交易性投资影响当期损益的金额为()万元。
“苟利国家生死以,岂因祸福避趋之”、“鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已”、“捐躯赴国难,视死忽如归”反映的中华民族爱国主义优良传统是
最新回复
(
0
)