首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Can an inventive society get bolder as it grows older? That question affects people of all ages—especially those living in the U
Can an inventive society get bolder as it grows older? That question affects people of all ages—especially those living in the U
admin
2010-01-13
93
问题
Can an inventive society get bolder as it grows older? That question affects people of all ages—especially those living in the United States, Europe, and Japan, which are expected to have fewer workers supporting more retirees. According to Science and Engineering Indicators (SEI):2OO2,issued by the National Science Board (NSB),America’s science and engineering workforce will continue to grow in coming decades, but its average age is likely to rise.
Will scientific workers in their 50s and 60s continue to make valuable contributions? The report avoided asking whether aging impairs creativity. If it does, then the growth of our productivity and improvement of our standard of living might be in trouble. There is already a shortage of young Americans in research; in 2003 the NSB expressed concern over the United States’ dependence on foreign PhDs.
Scientists, often older ones, have for years questioned how long they can stay productive. G.H. Hardy set the tone in his 1940 classic, A Mathematician’s Apology. "Like any other mathematician who has passed sixty," Hardy confessed, "I have no longer the freshness of mind, the energy, or the patience to carry on effectively with my proper job." He continued that "mathematics... is a young man’s game."
The age lore of other sciences can be similarly misleading. The Nobel laureate physicist Paul Dirac has suggested, tongue in cheek, that a physicist over 30 was as good as dead, and the physicist-historian Abraham Pals wrote of Einstein after 1925 (when Einstein was 46)that, as far as his work went, he might as well have gone fishing. And yet the sociologist Harriet Zuckerman, in her landmark 1977 book, Scientific Elite ,observed that U.S. Nobelists received their prizes for work done when they were, on average, nearly 39. Sir Nevill Mott won a Nobel Prize in physics for his postretirement research.
Great biologists seem especially hardy. The German naturalist Alexander von Humboldt successfully surveyed harsh, remote areas of the Russian Empire for goldfields after turning 60,and began publishing the 19th century’s greatest work of synthesis, Cosmos, at age 76;he had completed 2000 pages by his death at 89,in 1859. More recently, Harvard University’s Ernst Mayr was still writing papers at 100.
Why, then, do certain researchers stagnate while others flourish? Some might be internalizing what Zuckerman called the "mythology" of aging in science. But another factor is that any education has built-in limits. Even Einstein may have been bumping against them. Scientists over 40 face a choice: continue using the endowments that have served them well but are challenged by a new generation, or turn to new subjects.
According to the passage, scientists over 40 face a choice ______.
选项
A、to face challenge by young people or to retire
B、to continue their research or to work under new subject
C、to exploit their endowment or turn to new subject
D、to accept new challenge from young people or stay unproductive
答案
C
解析
细节题。见最后一段最后一句话:年过40的科学家面临两种选择:第一种是继续在他的专业领域利用他的天赋从事研究工作,但必须面对年轻一辈的挑战,另一种选择是放弃目前的专业领域,转向其他研究课题。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Skmi777K
0
在职申硕(同等学力)英语
相关试题推荐
常规临床工作中所测得的RF类型是
Revengeisoneofthosethingsthateveryoneenjoys.Peopledon’tliketotalkaboutit,though.Justthesame,thereisnothing
Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby______.Inthewriter’sopinion,______.
Thethreebranchesofgovernment--thelegislative,theexecutive,andthe______--restrainandstabilizeoneanotherthroughthe
TheweekendeventwillbecentredaroundWyeCollegeinAshford,Kent,buttheoutingtothedocksshouldbethehighlight.
Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.
BenMickle,MattEdwards,andKshipraBhawalkarlookedasthoughtheyhadjustemergedfromaminorautowreck.ThemembersofD
Childrenmodelthemselveslargelyontheirparents.Theydosomainlythroughidentification.Childrenidentify【C1】______apar
Woman:Iamthinkingoftakingthreelanguagecoursesnextsemester.Man:Ithinkit’sadvisablenottobiteoffmorethanyouc
Anyonewho’severtakenapreschoolertothedoctorknowstheyoftencrymorebeforetheshotthanafterward.Nowresearchersus
随机试题
肠阿米巴病变可累及
POMR记录方式的优点不包括
增进食欲的药物应( )。对胃有刺激性的药物应( )。
Receivedforshipmentbilloflading,statesdefinitelythatthegoodshavebeenreceivedbythecarrierandconfirmsthatthego
上海期货交易所铝和天然橡胶期货合约的交割月份规定是一样的。()[2012年5月真题]
根据所给材料回答问题。(需计算后回答的问题须列出算式;每个问题计算过程中的小数均保留实际位数,计算结果有小数的,小数保留2位。)某高校工程制图教研室张老师、赵老师在多年教学实践的基础上,编写了《建筑制图》一书,张老师还安排研究生李娟制作了其中部分
对于节俭,从业人员应该树立的正确认识有()。
在态度型培训法中,行为模仿法不适宜于()的培训。[2014年11月三级真题]
化学真正被确立为一门科学,是从()时开始。
鸽子是这城市的精灵。______它们眼里,收进了多少秘密呢?填入横线处最恰当的是( )。
最新回复
(
0
)