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  3. IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient which is a measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. To kno

IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient which is a measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. To kno

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问题     IQ stands for Intelligence Quotient which is a measure of a person’s intelligence found by means of an intelligence test. To know if a baby is clever, or dull, his marks must be compared with the average achieved by boys of thirteen in the test.
    In 1906 psychologist Alfred Bitnet(1857—1911), devised the standard in relation to which intelligence has since been assessed. Bitnet was asked to find a method to test all children in the schools of Paris who should be taken out of ordinary classes and put in special classes for defectives.
    First of all, he invented a variety of tests and put large numbers of children of different ages through them. He then found at what age each test was passed by the average child. For instance, the average child of seven could count backwards from 20 to 1 and the average child of three could repeat the sentence: " We are going to have a good time in the country. "
    The concept of mental age provided Bitnet, and through him, and other psychologists with the required standard. It enabled him to state scores in intelligence tests in term of norm. At first it was usual to express result of a test by the difference between the "mental" and the "chronological" age. Then the boy in the example given would be "three years retarded. " Soon, however, the mental ratio was introduced; that is to say, the ratio of the mental age to the chronological age. Thus a boy of twelve with mental age of nine has a mental age of 0. 75. The mental age was replaced by the intelligence quotient or "IQ". Clearly, since the mental age of the average child is equal to the chronological age, the average IQ is 100.
The word "defectives" is used for______.
选项 A、average children
B、children of low intelligence
C、poor children
D、the dull
答案B
解析 第二段第二句话：Binet被要求找出一种测试巴黎学校中所有小孩，看其是否应该从普通班挑出调到智障儿童特殊班级的方法。因此可以得出B项是正确答案“智力低下的儿童”。
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