首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
admin
2017-02-28
61
问题
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists have been surveyed to identify the "core traits of exemplary scientists". Their answer? Honesty is critical, second only to curiosity, and we ought to do more to instil it in those considering science careers.
Ironically, they are deceiving themselves. Researchers have never been whiter than white. Here are a couple of revealing numbers. About 2 per cent of scientists admit to at least one act of research misconduct. But as a whole, researchers say that around 14 per cent of their colleagues are involved in such behaviour. Someone’s not being straight.
Those figures come from a 2009 meta-analysis (far more scientifically reliable than a single sample of " honoured" academics) , that also found one-third of scientists confessed to "questionable research practices" such as cooking data, mining it for a significant result that is then presented as the original target of the study, selective publication or concealing conflicts of interest.
We may never know for sure how widespread such behaviour is. According to another meta-analysis published in October, scientists are becoming less likely to admit to fabrication, falsification or plagiarism. That study also found that researchers see plagiarism as more heinous than making results up. They are more likely to report a colleague they catch in an act of plagiarism than one fabricating or falsifying data.
How can this be so, when honesty is supposedly such an essential attribute? Because it gets the job done. Raymond De Vries at the University of Michigan and colleagues have argued that data manipulation based on intuition of what a result should look like is "normal misbehaviour." They see such common misbehaviours as having "a useful and irreplaceable role" in science. Why? Because of "the ambiguities and everyday demands of scientific research."
In other words, data isn’t often as clean as you would like. According to Frederick Grinnell, an ethicist at the University of Texas, intuition is " an important, and perhaps in the end a researcher’ s best, guide to distinguishing between data and noise." Sometimes you just know that data point was an anomaly to be ignored.
Should we do something to make science more virtuous? Probably not. Those eminent academics questioned for the survey by Michigan State University, which was released today at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, are hopelessly optimistic when it comes to improving ethical standards: 94 per cent of them said students can learn scientific values and virtues from "exemplary scientists."
According to Frederick Grinnell, intuition can serve as
选项
A、a judge.
B、a critic.
C、a guide.
D、a challenger.
答案
C
解析
(1)根据题干关键词Frederick Grinnell定位至第6段。其实,第5、6段都在分析“研究者对捏造或编造数据持有宽容态度的原因”。(2)根据文章,Frederick Grinnell认为“直觉是重要的,也许最终是最佳向导”(第6段:guide)。其实,有关直觉的作用在第5段就已经提到了(第5段:intuition,normal misbehavious)。故答案为选项[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/SsbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely—thoughbynomeansuniformly—glowinglypositive.Scienceand
Themythologyofaculturecanprovidesomevitalinsightsintothebeliefsandvaluesofthatculture.Byusingfantasticands
[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGi
Drivingthroughsnowstormonicyroadsforlongdistancesisamostnerve-rackingexperience.Itisaparadoxthatthesnow,co
Itusedtobesostraightforward(直接的).Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsofthei
High-qualitycustomerserviceispreachedbymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandone.Shopperss
InanewstudyreleasedbyPew,researchersfindthatwhileMillennials—peoplewhowerebornafter1981—arebacktothepre-rece
Ifplanningofferssomanytangiblebenefits,whydomanyprofessionalsresistit?Somearemorecomfortablewithacting,rather
Ifplanningofferssomanytangiblebenefits,whydomanyprofessionalsresistit?Somearemorecomfortablewithacting,rather
随机试题
斜坡堤扭王字块护面块体的安放数量不宜低于()。
下列关于所有者权益变动表编制的说法中,不正确的有()。
形成鼓膜的是
甲见候车室的椅子上坐着一女子和一男子,他们面前放着一手提箱,男子在睡觉,女子在看报。甲以为手提箱是该男子的,遂提一只相同的手提箱走上前去,将手提箱互换,被女子发现。手提箱实际上是该女子的,她一直在紧盯着这只箱子。箱内财物计人民币4000元。甲的行为构成(
(2010年)甲公司和乙公司20×8年度和20×9年度发生的有关交易或事项如下:(1)20×8年5月20日,乙公司的客户(丙公司)因产品质量问题向法院提起诉讼,请求法院裁定乙公司赔偿损失120万元,截止20×8年6月30日.法院尚未对上述案件作出判决.在
《中华人民共和国教育法》是调整各级各类教育的关系的法律规范的总称。()
不要以为你的明星员工清楚自己的价值,即使是最优秀的员工也会忧心忡忡。他们不知道这场危机有多深,也不知道它会朝什么方向发展。他们看见自己的邻居丢掉了工作,他们看到有人失去了抵押品赎回权。在这样的环境下,大家往往会谨慎行事、采取防御性措施。但作为经理,你却迫切
输血本质上是一种移植,必然会伴随一系列可能发生的免疫反应,移植物抗宿主病就是其中之一,其发病原因简单说来就是供血者体内的免疫活性淋巴细胞在患者体内迁移、增殖,反客为主,进而攻击患者的免疫系统。正常情况下,受血者会把供血者淋巴细胞识别为“异己”而加以排斥,这
中华人民共和国成立以后,废除旧学制,推行新学制是在()
下列类中属于字节输入抽象类的是
最新回复
(
0
)