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  3. When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholester

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问题    When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the【C1】______effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that【C2】______in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory【C3】______.
   Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as【C4】______by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge【C5】______—within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults【C6】______to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory【C7】______to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.
   Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative【C8】______of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed【C9】______Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise【C10】______.
   A) assessed F) designated K) loopholes
   B) assigned G) detrimental D rapidly
   C) consequences H) digestion M) redundant
   D) conspicuously I) excelling N) regularly
   E) deficits J) indulging O) similar
【C2】
选项
答案J
解析 [语法判断]空格所在句为复合句，空格位于that引导的宾语从句中且作主语，空格后是介词短语in a high-fat and high-sugar diet，由此推断空格处需要填入名词或动名词形式，且能与介词in搭配。[语义判断]介词in之后的a high-fat and high-sugar diet表示高脂肪、高糖饮食。填入备选名词，均不符合句意。备选的两个动词-ing形式均可与in搭配，但excelling in表示“在……方面擅长”，与上下文意思不符，而indulging in意为“沉迷于……”，填入空格，表示沉迷于高脂肪和高糖饮食，符合文义，由此确定答案为J)。
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