首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2016-01-30
47
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism(rules made by authorities must be obeyed)and imminent justice(if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
According to the passage, Piaget and Keasey would not have agreed on which of following points?
选项
A、The kinds of excuses children give for harmful acts they commit.
B、The age at which children begin to discriminate between intentional and unintentional harm.
C、The Intentions children have in perpetrating harm.
D、The circumstances under which children punish harmful acts.
答案
B
解析
细节对比题。原文首段第三句提到Piaget认为7岁的孩子尚不能区分有意和无意伤害,而原文首段第六句提到Keasey则认为6岁的孩子就可以区分了。由此可以判断,两人在对儿童识别有意和无意伤害的年龄上有分歧。故答案为B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T6GO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
InTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYouAre(2004),Dr.KevinLemannotesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewer
InTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYouAre(2004),Dr.KevinLemannotesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewer
ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecoveryinFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaun
Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausetheliesw
Nanotechnology,accordingtoitsfans,willjump-startanewindustrialrevolutionwithmolecular-sizedstructuresascomplexas
Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentratedwork.Thisdifficultyismuchg
Myparents’househadanattic,thedarkestandstrangestpartofthebuilding,reach-ableonlybyplacingastepladderbeneath
Chooseatopicandwriteacompositionofabout300wordsbasedonwhatitconveys.RemembertowriteyourcompositiononAnswer
Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole______,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting(眯眼看)upintothemachinery.
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespractically
随机试题
下列不属于UCITB四号指令的修改主要体现的是()。
A、收敛且和为0B、收敛且和为αC、收敛且和为α-α1D、发散C
A.嵌顿性股疝B.肠蛔虫团堵塞C.急性乙状结肠扭转D.急性肠套叠E.肠系膜上动脉栓塞常以单纯机械性不完全性肠梗阻为表现的是
早期弥漫性膜性肾小球肾炎的大体呈
患者,女性,34岁,甲状腺肿大、突眼、心慌、失眠,心率100次/min,血压140/90mmHg,诊断为甲亢。患者的基础代谢率是
在结合考虑用药者意愿、偏好和生活质量的基础上,比较不同治疗方案的经济合理性是
A、相生B、相克C、过克D、反克E、制化相乘可称为()
下列费用中,属于建筑安装工程直接费有( )。
银行市场定位时只能采用一种策略。()
What’sthemaintopicofthispassage?
最新回复
(
0
)