首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
admin
2012-07-17
38
问题
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance, most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal [perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant (充满 活力的) dog] and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane (薄膜,隔膜) of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another.
The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena—including human behavior—are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes.
How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms- this means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur.
According to the passage, which of the following is important in explaining a muscle movement?
选项
A、The flow of blood to the muscles.
B、Classical conditioning.
C、Protein interaction.
D、The entry of unpleasant stimuli through the cell membrane.
答案
C
解析
文中第二段第三句说:“例如,一块肌肉的运动可以用肌肉细胞膜的变化来解释,特殊的化学物质的进入和这些细胞内蛋白质分子之间的相互作用而引起肌肉的运动。”由此可知,选项C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T6XO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand______bythesamefederallaws.
ThegreatAmericanscientistEdisonhadaremarkable______forinventingnewthings.
Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren______aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.
Wright,acomputerscientist,isplottinganexperimentwithahumanoidrobotcalledNao.Heandhiscolleaguesplantointroduc
Wright,acomputerscientist,isplottinganexperimentwithahumanoidrobotcalledNao.Heandhiscolleaguesplantointroduc
Thesepollutantscanbe______hundredsandeventhousandsofkilometersbylargeairmasses.
Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenera
Mostofitisfugitive,buthereandthere—inhigh-leveljournalism,intelevision,inthecinema,incommercialfiction,inwes
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand
随机试题
细胞内信息传递中,能作为第二信使的有()(2009年)
将血浆蛋白置于pH8.6的缓冲液中进行醋酸纤维膜电泳时,泳动最慢的是
A.变应原导致的IgE介导的超敏反应B.IgM、1gG与细胞或组织的抗原结合,补体介导的细胞毒反应C.免疫复合物沉积激活补体引起组织损伤D.MHC分子E.效应T细胞介导炎症反应和细胞毒作用同种异基因移植排斥反应的靶抗原是
患儿,男,生后10天。因口腔黏膜有异常来院就诊。查体可见口腔黏膜有白色乳凝块样小点,汇聚成小片,家长称不易拭去,目前患儿饮食正常,无全身症状。为该患儿进行口腔黏膜局部治疗应选用的是
一般监察是在日常情况下进行的监察工作,这种监察具有(),亦称常规监察。
混凝土面层养护时间宜为( )d。
旅行社委托其他旅行社代理销售包价旅游产品,并与旅游者订立包价旅游合同的,应当在包价旅游合同中载明()的基本信息。
良好的社会性发展对幼儿()和其他各方面的发展都具有重要影响。
法律原则,是指为法律规则提供某种基础或本源的综合性的、指导性的原理或价值准则的一种法律规范。它是具有高度的一般化层别的规范。根据这一定义,下列选项属于法律原则的是()。
证明:
最新回复
(
0
)