首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and redu
admin
2012-07-17
56
问题
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something? Scientific explanation comes in two forms; generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance, most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal [perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant (充满 活力的) dog] and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane (薄膜,隔膜) of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" these events in terms of forces that bind various molecules together and cause various parts of these molecules to be attracted to one another.
The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms. Like other scientists, physiological psychologists believe that all natural phenomena—including human behavior—are subject to the laws of physics. Thus, the laws of behavior can be reduced to descriptions of physiological processes.
How does one study the physiology of behavior? Physiological psychologists cannot simply be reductionists. It is not enough to observe behaviors and correlate them with physiological events that occur at the same time. Identical behaviors, under different conditions, may occur for different reasons, and thus be initiated by different physiological mechanisms- this means that we must understand "psychologically" why a particular behavior occurs before we can understand what physiological events made it occur.
According to the passage, which of the following is important in explaining a muscle movement?
选项
A、The flow of blood to the muscles.
B、Classical conditioning.
C、Protein interaction.
D、The entry of unpleasant stimuli through the cell membrane.
答案
C
解析
文中第二段第三句说:“例如,一块肌肉的运动可以用肌肉细胞膜的变化来解释,特殊的化学物质的进入和这些细胞内蛋白质分子之间的相互作用而引起肌肉的运动。”由此可知,选项C正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T6XO777K
0
在职攻硕英语联考
相关试题推荐
CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand______bythesamefederallaws.
ThegreatAmericanscientistEdisonhadaremarkable______forinventingnewthings.
Recentlyanumberofcaseshavebeenreportedofyoungchildren______aviolentactpreviouslyseenontelevision.
Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenera
Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenera
Plagiarismiswidelyrecognizedasahighcrimeagainsttheprojectofscience,buttheexplanationsforwhyit’sharmfulgenera
Thenotionthatinanimateobjectsaresubjecttotheirownexperiencemaysoundabsurd;anditis.However,thereasontodismis
Idecidedtogetintouchwithhim______afterIreceivedhisletter.
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand
随机试题
A.止嗽散B.杏苏散C.桑杏汤D.麻杏石甘汤E.清金化痰汤风燥咳嗽宜选用
田某和郭某签订加工合同,合同中订有仲裁条款,约定如果因为加工事宜产生的任何纠纷提交北京市仲裁委员会仲裁。后由于郭某提供的戚品不符合约定的标准,田某提请仲裁。请根据案情判断下列选项中错误的是:
2002年8月张某伪造了一幅唐伯虎的字画,并且伪造了专家鉴定书,告诉陈某画是唐伯虎的真迹,陈某相信了张某的话遂购买了这幅赝品。2003年10月陈某发现画是赝品,但是陈某一直忙于工作,直到2004年12月陈某才找到张某,要求张某退钱,张某拒不退钱,陈某向法院
依据《消防法》的规定,建筑施工企业不按照消防设计文件和消防技术标准施工,降低消防施工质量的,责令改正或停止施工,并处()罚款。
沟底宽度随光缆数目而变,一般为1~2条光缆,沟底宽度和上宽分别为()。
文职人员管理,应当贯彻()的要求。
“物质的抽象,自然规律的抽象,价值的抽象以及其他等等,一句话,那一切科学的(正确的、郑重的、非瞎说的)抽象,都更深刻、更正确、更完全地反映着自然。”这一论断说明
在Word文档中,不可直接操作的是:
WantedxxxForeignLanguageInstituteisaforeignlanguagestudyinginstitute.NowweareseekingfortwoEnglishteachers.
WhenIfirstentereduniversity,myaunt,whoisanEnglishprofessor,gavemeanewEnglishdictionary.Iwas【C1】______toseet
最新回复
(
0
)