首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2017-08-15
37
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all), were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always-supplementary factors.
Which of the following is true about habits according to the passage?
选项
A、They are natural endowments to living creatures.
B、They are more important than instincts to all animals.
C、They are subject to the formative influence of the environment.
D、They are destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility in the evolution of human beings.
答案
C
解析
本题可参照文章第2段的Habits,instead of being born ready-made…were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment,从中可知C项为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/T7FO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
Consumersandproducersobviouslymakedecisionsthatmoldtheeconomy,butthereisathirdmajor【C1】______toconsidertherole
Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecom
Medievalistsusuallydistinguishmedievalpubliclawfromprivatelaw:theformerwasconcernedwithgovernmentandmilitaryaff
Thegreatestdevastationofoldageisthelossofmentalfaculties,andwiththeneardoublingoflifeexpectancyinthepastc
Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimmatorganisms______withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.
Meteorologistsroutinelytelluswhatnextweek’sweatherislikelytobe,andclimatescientistsdiscusswhatmighthappenin1
Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable,thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationis
ThePrimeMinisterhandledthecrisiscalmlyanddispassionately,therebyenhancinghisreputationforbeing______.
Bothversionsofthemyth—theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconf
随机试题
联系实际论述迈克尔.波特关于决定行业内部竞争状态的五种基本竞争作用力。
提出“知识就是力量”的作家是()
Technologyistheapplicationofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlythe
惊厥性全身性痛痢持续状态必须从速控制发作,并保持不再复发的时间至少为
曹某与邻居刘某因为口角发生打斗,曹某打伤了刘某的左臂,刘某遂将曹某起诉至人民法院,要求赔偿。该案在审理中法院通过调解结案,并依法制作了调解书,在法院依法送达调解书时曹某签收了调解书,刘某对调解结果表示反悔,拒绝签收此调解书。则关于本案的处理,下列说法中正确
一、注意事项1.本试卷由给定资料与作答要求两部分构成。2.第一题、第二题、第五题,所有考生都必须作答。第三题仅限行政执法类、市(地)以下综合管理类职位的考生作答。第四题仅限考省级(含副省级)以上综合管理类职位的考生作答
嵌入式系统与通用计算机系统软件的相同之处,指的是嵌入式系统通常也具备【67】加载程序,外设【68】程序,操作系统,文件系统,网络协议栈,图形用户界面,数据库,以及各种各样的应用程序等,这些软件都是通用计算机所拥有的。
将当前表中有删除标记的记录物理删除的命令是:
当熊猫宝宝开始自己可以啃咬竹子时,这些科学家们知道他们的实验会成功的。
Idon’tdoubt______theplanwillbewell-conceived.
最新回复
(
0
)