首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
公务员
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective rese
admin
2019-12-28
29
问题
In the idealized version of how science is done,facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work.But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.We aim to be objective,but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experiences.Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience,what we think our experiences mean,and the subsequent actions we take.Opportunities for misinterpretation,error,and self-deception abound.
Consequently,discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience.Similar to newly staked mining claims,they are full of potential.But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery.This is the credibility process,through which the individual researcher’s me,here,now becomes the community’s anyone,anywhere,anytime.Objective knowledge is the goal,not the starting point.
Once a discovery claim becomes public,the discoverer receives intellectual credit.But,unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next.Within the complex social
structure of the scientific community,researchers make discoveries;editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes;and finally,the public(including other scientists)receives the fiew discovery and possiblv accompanying technology.As a discovery claim works its way through the community,the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the techn010gY involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovenr.
Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process.First,scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect.Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed.The goal is new-search,not re-search.Not surprisingly,newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers.Second,novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief.Nobel Laureate and phvsiologist Albert once described discovery as“seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobodv has thought.”But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views.Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.
In the end,credibility“happens”to a discovery claim—a process that corresponds to what philosopher
Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind.“We reason together,challenge,
revise,and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions 0f reason.”
请回答下列问题。
Which of the following would be the best title of the text?
选项
A、Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development
B、Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery
C、Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science
D、Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science
答案
C
解析
主旨题。从整篇文章脉络来看,文章第一段指出任何发现最终的目标是将它客观化,但是这个过程多多少少会受到环境和背景的影响;第二段写到这个过程需要公众共同的努力;第三段具体论述了不同的角色在这个过程中需要完成的工作;第四段则提出了使科学发现获得可信度的过程中所遇到的两个矛盾;最后一段作者用Annette Baier的一句话总结了这个过程。由此可知,全文都围绕科学发现的“取信过程”(即可信度从无到有的发展过程)展开论述,故C项“科学研究中可信度的发展”为正确答案。A项“新颖是科学发展的引擎”与原文不符。B项“科学发现中的集体审查”以偏概全。D项“科学人门处对可信度的质疑”只是对第四段的概括,也不能代表全文。故本题选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TBjY777K
本试题收录于:
银保监财会类题库国家公务员分类
0
银保监财会类
国家公务员
相关试题推荐
英国格拉斯哥大学发布公报说,盐中含有的钠常被认为是增加心血管疾病风险的重要因素,但对于盐中另一种成分氯的作用,科学界一直少有研究。该校研究人员对近1.3万名高血压患者进行了长达35年的跟踪调查,结果发现,如果血液中的氯离子含量过低,则高血压患者的死亡风险会
高语境交流是指说话者的言语或行为意义来源于或内在化于说话者当时所处的语境,他所表达的东西往往比他所说的东西要多,许多意思都包括在语境之中,不需要每一点都明白无误地讲出来。低语境交流和高语境交流相反,即需要表达的主要讯息都通过外在的语言方式进行传达。根据上述
下列关于量子计算和量子模拟的说法错误的是:
药物生产厂商在生产某些治疗罕见疾病的药物时会面临亏损的风险,因为只把药卖给数量不多的患者不可能收回制药成本。X病是一种罕见病,因此药厂生产治疗X病的药物肯定会亏损。以下选项如果为真,最能有效削弱上述结论的是()。
科学家研制出了一种新型的纳米涂层材料,这种材料能够促使任何液体从物体表面反弹出去。例如油渍、酒精等表面张力很低的液体溅到用这种材料粉刷的墙壁上时,会立刻被反弹出去,不会弄脏墙壁。因此,有商人预测,这种材料如果大量运用于粉刷墙壁,涂料的销量将大幅下降。以下哪
审计质量控制的根本目的在于保证审计质量符合()的要求。
下列关于注册会计师获取固定资产不同审计证据来证明其所有权的说法,不正确的是()。
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.conreceivedoneforits
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.conreceivedoneforits
Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon.comreceivedoneforits
随机试题
下列关于关系数据库中数据表的描述,正确的是( )。
Whoisthewoman?
下列不属于睡眠与婴幼儿生长发育关系的是()。
A.读码框移B.氨基酸置换C.两者均是D.两者均不是缺失或插入突变可导致
中年男性,侧身跌倒,手掌着地,患肩下垂,健手托患侧肘部,杜加氏征阴性,胸锁关节至肩峰连线中点肿胀压痛,其最可能的诊断是
死颌或早产多出现在
实验室授权签字人是指经过评审机构认可批准,能在被认可范围内的试验报告或校准证书上获准签字的人。()
资本金被称为保护债务人,使债务人面对风险免遭损失的“缓冲器”。()
()应当主持、指导重要公文起草工作。
中国共产党领导的多党合作在实践中采用的形式有( )
最新回复
(
0
)