首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to f
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to f
admin
2013-01-22
19
问题
The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive human care in hospital-like environments and treatment which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid 1800s, 20 states had established asylums, but during the late 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, and security and restraint were needed to protect .patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the rights of patients were all but forgotten.
These conditions continued until after World War Ⅱ. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major mental illnesses theretofore considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspaper exposés called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made and Dr. David Vail’s Humane Practices Program is a beacon for today. But changes were slow in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights movement led lawyers to investigate America’s prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the only institutions that were worse than the prisons the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their rights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered "crazy" and who were often kept obediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large doses of major tranquilizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people who, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice, which once exposed, was bound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience. Patients’ rights groups successfully encouraged reform by lobbying in state legislatures.
Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental health care and assurance of patient rights and return it to the state mental healty administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patient rights are respected.
It can be inferred from the passage that, had the Civil Rights movement not prompted an investigation of prison conditions, ______.
选项
A、states would never have established asylums for the mentally ill
B、new treatments for major mental illness would have likely remained untested
C、the Civil Rights movement in America would have been politically ineffective
D、conditions in mental hospitals might have escaped judicial scrutiny
答案
D
解析
根据短文可以推断,如果民权运动没有引起对监狱状况的调查,精神病院的状况有可能逃避了司法检查。作者在第二段说,当时民权运动致使律师们对美国的监狱进行了调查,监狱中居住的黑人分布不均,这些律师轮流跟踪囚犯进入比监狱还要糟糕的精神病院——供刑事活动造成的精神病人住的医院。正因为律师们对监狱的状况进行了调查,所以精神病院没能够逃避司法检查。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TE1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplecan’tget______thedaywithoutatleastonecupofteaorcoffee.
Thepopularityofthefilmshowsthatthereviewers’fearswerecompletely______.
Mostenvironmental_______—fromclimatechangestofreshwaterandforesthabitatloss—havebecomemarkedlyworse.
Duringaninternationalcrisis,many____messageswillgenerallyemanatefromthepresident’soffice.
Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto_____itsoperationtoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.
Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery____ofhismoney.
democracyimaginationdifferentflexibilityovercomeonlineoffertraditionalmodernreg
However,growthinthefabricatedmetalsindustrywasableto_____someofthedeclineintheironandsteelindustry.
WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago._____we’vehadnofurthercommunication.
Everybodywastestime.Insteadofdoinghishomework,theschoolboywatchestelevision.Insteadofwritingheressay,thestuden
随机试题
设曲线y=,则该曲线的铅直渐近线为________.
《外科真诠》划分前阴归属,肾子属:《外科真诠》划分前阴归属,马口属:
人与外界环境的统一性表现在
侧支循环开放是肝硬化失代偿期的特异性表现。()
对于220kV配电装置中管形母线采用支持式安装时,下列措施中正确的是()。
依照个人所得税法的有关规定,下列表述正确的是()。
短期贷款报审材料中,属于借款申请文件的有()
下列关于培训与开发效果评估的说法中,正确的是()。
凯恩斯把用于贮存财富的资产划分为()。
法律的评价作用是指法律所具有的、能够评价人们行为的法律意义的作用。法律评价的标准是
最新回复
(
0
)