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The work of the three Nobel laureates sheds light on the tiny building blocks of life-cells. Our DNA is carrying chromosomes and at each end of these, a sort of protective caps called telomeres. The scientists found that these caps and the enzyme they are made of plays a crucial role in the life of the cell. If the telomeres are shortened, the cell ages short. If too active, it can cause the rampant reproduction seen in cancer cells. The discoveries are already being applied in research into new therapies against the host of diseases and conditions.