首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
Chinese Calligraphy Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centu
admin
2013-10-08
59
问题
Chinese Calligraphy
Calligraphy, the writing of characters, is one of the traditional four arts and has developed over centuries in the history of China. Today it still has a place in museums.
I. Roles of calligraphy
A. a means of communication
B. a way of expressing the (1) of nature (1)______
II. Characteristics of calligraphy
A. Calligraphy as an expressive art: to (2) the (2)______
identity of a man
B. Calligraphy as a practical fine art: to be used as ornaments
III. Benefits of practicing calligraphy
A. getting one’s subconsciousness exercised
B. bringing about (3) between the mind and the body (3)______
C. enabling one to enjoy healthy life and longevity
IV. Five basic script types in Chinese calligraphy
A. the Seal Script
— the oldest style, making a signature-like impression
— generally used in (4) today (4)______
B. the Official or Clerical Script
— Characters appear (5) : strokes often start thin (5)______
and end thick.
— still common in printing because of its elegance
C. the Regular Script
— Characters are regular, written (6) . (6)______
— most widely used and the most legible
D. the Running Script
— Strokes may run into one another.
— Characters are less (7) . (7)______
E. the Cursive Script
— a flowing style with few angular lines
— Strokes are altered or removed for smooth
writing or purpose __(8)_ (8)______
V. Status and influence of calligraphy
A. an important (9) for imperial court to select officials (9)______
B. an art unique to Asian cultures
C. a source of inspiration to (10) (10)______
Chinese Calligraphy
Good morning, everyone. Today’s lecture is about Chinese calligraphy. In China, calligraphy is one of the four traditional Chinese arts, the other three being guqin, chess and painting. Calligraphy dates back to the earliest days in Chinese history, and is admired and displayed in museums just as paintings are.
[1] For the Chinese, the ancient art of the written word is not just a method of communication but also a means of expressing the dynamic forces of the natural world. By controlling the concentration of ink, the thickness and absorption of the paper, and the flexibility of the brush, the artist is free to produce an infinite variety of styles and forms. Chinese calligraphy serves the purpose of conveying thought but also shows the "abstract" beauty of the line. Rhythm, line, and structure are more perfectly embodied in calligraphy than in painting or sculpture.
[2] Calligraphy is an expressive art. According to an old Chinese saying, "the way characters are written is a portrait of the person who writes them", one can "read" the identity of the person through his or her handwriting. Expressing the abstract beauty of lines and rhythms, [2] calligraphy is a reflection of a person’s emotions, moral integrity, character, educational level, and accomplishments in self-cultivation, intellectual tastes and approach to life.
Calligraphy is also a practical fine art. Calligraphic inscriptions written on paper, wooden plaques or stone tablets serve as decorations of a deep artistic value. Moreover, calligraphy is often used to decorate articles of everyday use. Even on the ordinary, everyday level of life, beautiful writing is appreciated.
To become an artist or expert in calligraphy, one has to practice word by word and stroke by stroke until the spirit of the practice gets into one’s mind. Calligraphy can temper a person into a state in which one can apply subconsciousness absorbed from daily practice to control the concentration of ink and the compatibility of font and size of each piece or word. [3] To the artist, calligraphy is a mental exercise that coordinates the mind and the body to choose the best styling in expressing the content of the passage. It is a most relaxing yet highly disciplined exercise indeed for one’s physical and spiritual well being. Historically, many calligraphy artists were well known for their longevity.
Chinese calligraphy, like the script itself, began with the hieroglyphs and, over the long ages of evolution, has developed various styles and schools, constituting an important part of the heritage of national culture. Chinese scripts are generally divided into five categories: the Seal Script (zhuanshu), the Official or Clerical Script (lishu), the Regular Script (kaishu), the Running Script (xingshu) and the Cursive Script (caoshu).
The Seal Script (often called Small Seal Script) is the formal script of the Qin system of writing. It is the oldest style that continues to be widely practiced. [4] Today, this ancient style of Chinese writing is used predominantly in seals, hence the English name. Although seals, which make a signature-like impression, are carved in wood, jade and other materials, the script itself was originally written with brush and ink on paper, just like all other scripts.
The Official or Clerical Script developed from the Seal Script. [5] In general, characters are often "flat" in appearance, being wider than they are tall. The strokes may appear curved, and often start thin and end thick. Most noticeable is the dramatically flared tail of one dominant horizontal or downward-diagonal stroke, especially that to the lower right. This characteristic stroke has famously been called "silkworm head and wild goose tail" (cantou yanwei) in Chinese due to its distinctive shape.
The Clerical Script became mature in the middle of Eastern Han Dynasty and replaced the Seal Script. Modern works in the Clerical Script tend to use the mature, late Han style, and may also use modernized character structures, resulting in a form as transparent and legible as Regular Script. The Clerical Script remains common as a typeface used for decorative purposes, but it is not commonly written.
The Regular Script (often called Standard Script or simply kaishu) is one of the last major calligraphic styles to develop, emerging between the Chinese Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period, gaining dominance in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and maturing in the Tang Dynasty. It emerged from a neatly written, early period semi-cursive form of clerical script. [6] As the name suggests, the Regular Script is "regular", with each of the strokes placed slowly and carefully, the brush lifted from the paper and all the strokes distinct from each other. The Regular Script is also the most easily and widely recognized style.
The Semi-cursive Script (xingshu), also called Running Script, approximates normal handwriting in which strokes and, more rarely, characters are allowed to run into one another. In writing in the Semi-cursive Script, the brush leaves the paper less often than in the Regular Script. [7] Characters appear less angular and rounder.
The Cursive Script (sometimes called Grass Script, caoshu) is a fully cursive script, and is hard to read. Entire characters may be written without lifting the brush from the paper at all, and characters are highly rounded and soft in appearance, with a noticeable lack of angular lines. [8] Strokes are modified or eliminated completely to facilitate smooth writing and to create a beautiful, abstract appearance.
Chinese calligraphy was established as a "high art" form well before the Tang dynasty. It has continuously enjoyed a high status among the arts ever since. [9] During the imperial era, calligraphy was used as an important criterion for selection of executives to the Imperial court.
Like chopsticks, calligraphy was once entirely Chinese, but as Chinese culture spread to Korea, Japan, and Singapore, calligraphy became a unique feature of the Oriental art.
[10] Widely accepted by the West, many calligraphic elements are being adopted by modern Western art. In the West, Picasso and Matisse are two artists who openly declared the influence by Chinese calligraphy on their works. Picasso even said, "Had I been born Chinese, I would have been a calligrapher, not a painter."
OK, today we’ve introduced the ancient art of calligraphy, mainly the five basic script types. Next week, we’ll appreciate works of calligraphy masters throughout the history of China, thereby bringing an aesthetic dimension to your understanding of Chinese writing.
选项
答案
modern Western art
解析
讲座的最后一部分讲书法对东西方艺术的影响。首先提到书法成为东方艺术的一大特色,然后提到现代西方艺术也在吸收许多书法元素,最后以毕加索和马蒂斯为例进行说明。an art unique to Asian cultures对应书法对东方艺术的影响,a source of inspiration to (10) 应该对应书法对西方艺术的影响,故空格处应填入modern Western art。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TGZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThePuritantraditionwasmainlydevelopedinthe______colony.
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowh
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowh
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowh
Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedanddeveloped.Nowh
CriticalThinking&InnovativeWritingI.Heateddiscussionaboutthe(1)_____ofEng-lishteachingandlearning.1)bottle-nec
CriticalThinking&InnovativeWritingI.Heateddiscussionaboutthe(1)_____ofEng-lishteachingandlearning.1)bottle-nec
随机试题
体层摄影最常用于
桡神经损伤后一个最主要的表现是
2008年上半年贵州城乡居民收入2008年上半年贵州农民人均生活现金消费支出为700.92元,考虑价格因素增长5.5%;城镇居民人均生活消费支出为4086.28元,比上年同期名义增长8.46%。支出增加的同时其结构也发生了一些变化。2008年上半年贵
下列法律部门中,属于经济法的是()。
办理变更税务登记的情形有()。
A上市公司20×7年度适用的所得税税率为25%,按净利润的15%计提法定盈余公积和任意盈余公积。有关事项如下:(1)由于技术进步的原因,A上市公司某生产线20×7年12月31日计提减值准备60000元,同时使用年限改为3年,但预计净残值保持不变。该套
绩效管理总体设计流程不包括()。
设有如下一段程序:PrivateSubCommandl_Click()StaticaAsVarianta=Array(”one”,”two”,”three”,”four”,”five”)
InternationalDiningEtiquette1.AsiaRulesofusingchopsticksRestthemonaplateora【T1】【T1】______Avoidtorestthem【T2】a
NewresearchconductedbybrainresearcherAviKarnioftheUniversityofHaifainIsraelexploresthepossibilitythatnapshel
最新回复
(
0
)