首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those
admin
2022-05-19
78
问题
Ecological economics recognizes that humans and their economies are parts of larger natural ecosystems and co-evolve with those natural systems. 【F1】
There is a material and energy basis for the relations between human economies and their ecosystems, defining not only economic, but social, structures and processes.
Economies possess general ecosystem properties, such as dynamism, evolution, integrity, stability and sustenance. Economies are embedded in larger natural ecosystems, and exchange flows of materials and energy with natural systems.
【F2】
What makes humans and their economies unique as a sub-ecosystem is their ability, through willful effort, ignorance and human designed tools, to dramatically restructure and reform processes in ecosystems of which they are a part;
The ability is to such a magnitude that human welfare can be diminished or enhanced by those original actions. Some types of economic activities, and the welfare that originates from them, would not be sustainable if they substantially adversely impact natural systems.
【F3】
The willful effort to extract useful things from natural systems is motivated by the satisfaction of basic biological needs and the seemingly limitless search for pleasure through consumption of goods and through social associations.
The magnitude of potential impact on their own welfare through effects on natural systems requires that human decisions be guided by some notion of the value of their actions and the value of their impacts on ecosystems, either in terms of benefits of use or costs of abuse. Some concept of value is required for rational activities of human economies within their natural systems.
Both the structures and processes of natural systems have identifiable instrumental value to the human economy. These narrow use values may be reflected by the summation of individual values, to the extent they are private. However, natural systems also have aesthetic, moral and cultural values. These values are more intrinsic and unmeasurable using traditional human preferences.
【F4】
Valuation is made more complicated by the fact that our natural environment is highly likely to shape values through establishing social and economic relations, aesthetic standards and culture.
If so, our decisions now about the natural environment will shape future value systems, making values endogenous and, therefore, a poor guide to behavior. 【F5】
A way out of this dilemma is to make valuations of natural systems based on "What we would like to see society become" rather than to ask what current valuations are.
The value of natural systems is then based on their ability to assist us in becoming what we wish to be.
【F2】
选项
答案
使人类与他们的经济成为独特次生态系统的是他们通过有意的努力与忽视,以及他们自己设计的工具,剧烈地改造与变革生态体系的过程的能力,而他们本身也是该体系的一部分。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TPCd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Whatdoesthespeakerwarnthestudentsagainstdoing?
Thereisapopularbeliefamongparentsthatschoolsarenolongerinterestedinspelling.NoschoolIhavetaughtinhaseveri
InTheSorrowsofEmpire,ChalmersJohnsonadvancesthedisturbingclaimthattheUnitedStates’ColdWar-eramilitarypowerand
Consideringnaturalresources,whatshouldAmericansdoaccordingtothepassage?
ThedistinctivearchitecturalfeatureofthetypicalBroadwaytheateristhejuxtapositionoftwoalmostindependentbuildingsf
ThedistinctivearchitecturalfeatureofthetypicalBroadwaytheateristhejuxtapositionoftwoalmostindependentbuildingsf
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【21】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotheri
OlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryearsatadifferentsite,inwhichathletes【21】differentnationscompeteagainsteachotheri
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【21】toallofus【22
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【21】toallofus【22
随机试题
美国两党制的正式形成是在()。
简述票据转让与一般民事权利转让的区别。
虽然没有明显的疾病,但呈现体力降低、反应能力减退、适应能力下降等,这类人群属于
根据有关规定,可能造成轻度环境影响的公路建设项目,应当编制(),对产生的环境影响进行分析或者专项分析。
同步数字体系(SDH)的特点有()。
下面属于公文必备的基本组成部分有()。
以下权利属于形成权的是()。
论述当前学科课程和活动课程大讨论。
A、Awashingmachine.B、Adishwasher.C、Aroastingmachine.D、Agrinder.previous女士向男士询问启动该机器的操作流程;男士说首先要设置好程序,如工作时间、水位、浸泡时间和甩干,
AsanexcellentgraduateoutoftheuniversityinAugustthisyear,he____________(就适应了)theworkingenvironmentbythistimeo
最新回复
(
0
)