首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction
admin
2016-11-25
64
问题
According to the American Academy of Dermatology, an estimated 10 to 50 million people in this country have an allergic reaction to poison ivy each year. Poison ivy is often very difficult to spot. It closely resembles several other common garden plants, and can also blend in with other plants and weeds. But if you come into contact with it, you’ll soon know by the itchy, blistery rash that forms on your skin. Poison ivy is a red, itchy rash caused by the plant that bears its name. Many people get it when they are hiking or working in their garden and accidentally come into direct contact with the plant’ s leaves, roots, or stems. The poison ivy rash often looks like red lines, and sometimes it forms blisters.
【R1】______
About 85 percent of people are allergic to the urushiol in poison ivy, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. Only a tiny amount of this chemical—1 billionth of a gram—is enough to cause a rash in many people. Some people may boast that they’ve been exposed to poison ivy many times and have never gotten the rash, but that doesn’ t necessarily mean they’ re not allergic. Sometimes the allergy doesn’t emerge until you’ve been exposed several times, and some people develop a rash after their very first exposure. It may take up to ten days for the rash to emerge the first time.
【R2】______
Here are some other ways to identify the poison ivy plant. It generally grows in a cluster of low, weed-like plants or a woody vine which can climb trees or fences. It is most often found in moist areas, such as riverbanks, woods, and pastures. The edges of the leaves are generally smooth or have tiny "teeth". Their color changes based on the season—reddish in the spring; green in the summer; and yellow, orange, or red in the fall. Its berries are typically white.
【R3】______
The body’s immune system is normally in the business of protecting us from bacteria, viruses, and the foreign invaders that can make us sick. But when urushiol from the poison ivy plant touches the skin, it instigates an immune response, called dermatitis, to what would otherwise be a harmless substance. Hay fever is another example of this type of response; in the case of hay fever, the immune system overreacts to pollen, or another plant-produced substance.
【R4】______
The allergic reaction to poison ivy is known as delayed hypersensitivity. Unlike immediate hypersensitivity, which causes an allergic reaction within minutes of exposure to an antigen, delayed hypersensitivity reactions don’ t emerge for several hours or even days after the exposure.
【R5】______
In the places where your skin has come into contact with poison ivy leaves or urushiol, within one to two days you’ll develop a rash, which will usually itch, redden, burn, swell, and form blisters. The rash should go away within a week, but it can last longer. The severity of the reaction often has to do with how much urushiol you’ve touched. The rash may appear sooner in some parts of the body than in others, but it doesn’t spread—the urushiol simply absorbs into the skin at different rates in different parts of the body. Thicker skin such as the skin on the soles of your feet, is harder to penetrate than thinner skin on your arms and legs.
A. Because urushiol is found in all parts of the poison ivy plant—the leaves, stems, and roots—it’s best to avoid the plant entirely to prevent a rash. The trouble is, poison ivy grows almost everywhere in the United States (with the exception of the Southwest, Alaska, and Hawaii), so geography won’t help you. The general rule to identify poison ivy, "leaflets three, let it be," doesn’t always apply. Poison ivy usually does grow in groups of three leaves, with a longer middle leaf—but it can also grow with up to nine leaves in a group.
B. Most people don’t have a reaction the first time they touch poison ivy, but develop an allergic reaction after repeated exposure. Everyone has a different sensitivity, and therefore a slightly different reaction, to poison ivy. Sensitivity usually decreases with age and with repeat exposures to the plant.
C. Here’s how the poison ivy response occurs. Urushiol makes its way down through the skin, where it is metabolized, or broken down. Immune cells called T lymphocytes (or T-cells) recognize the urushiol derivatives as a foreign substance, or antigen. They send out inflammatory signals called cytokines, which bring in white blood cells. Under orders from the cytokines, these white blood cells turn into macrophages. The macrophages eat foreign substances, but in doing so they also damage normal tissue, resulting in the skin inflammation that occurs with poison ivy.
D. Poison ivy’s cousins, poison oak and poison sumac, each have their own unique appearance. Poison oak grows as a shrub (one to six feet tall). It is typically found along the West Coast and in the South, in dry areas such fields, woodlands, and thickets. Like poison ivy, the leaves of poison oak are usually clustered in groups of three. They tend to be thick, green, and hairy on both sides. Poison sumac mainly grows in moist, swampy areas in the Northeast, Midwest, and along the Mississippi River. It is a woody shrub made up of stems with rows of seven to thirteen smooth-edged leaflets.
E. The culprit behind the rash is a chemical in the sap of poison ivy plants called urushiol. Its name comes from the Japanese word "urushi," meaning lacquer. Urushiol is the same substance that triggers an allergic reaction when people touch poison oak and poison sumac plants. Poison ivy, Eastern poison oak, Western poison oak, and poison sumac are all members of the same family—Anacardiaceae.
F. Call your doctor if you experience these more serious reactions:
Pus around the rash (which could indicate an infection).
A rash around your mouth, eyes, or genital area.
A fever above 100 degrees.
A rash that does not heal after a week.
【R3】
选项
答案
D
解析
该空承接上段,讲的还是与毒藤相关的信息。毒橡树跟毒漆树的生长地点、环境及其形状。还是对鉴别毒藤的支撑信息。所以本题应选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TQWd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Answerquestionsbyreferringtothefollowingdescriptionofthreeschools.Whichschool...AEllesmereCollegeisone
In1991Philippineswitnessedthesecondlargestvolcaniceruptionthathitanareawithlargepopulation.
In1991Philippineswitnessedthesecondlargestvolcaniceruptionthathitanareawithlargepopulation.
Theword"schism"(Line3,Paragraph1)probablymeans______.AccordingtoPaulEhrlichofStandfordUniversity,whoarethet
Almostdaily,thegulfbetweeneducationandemploymentwidens.Careersofficerscomplain(31)asystemthatpresentsthemwith
______itisthemostcommonformofmelanomainpeopleofcolor?______itoftenlookslikeabruiseornailstreakintheear
Whichofthefollowingofficialranksisnotintroduced?Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?
AstheInternethasrapidlybecomeamainstreammedium,thesocialimpactoftheInternethasbeenatopicofongoingdebate.So
Thepasttype/past-orientedpeople.
Orchidsareuniqueinhavingthemosthighlydevelopedofallblossoms,inwhichtheusualmaleandfemalereproductiveorgansa
随机试题
A、Savetimebyusingacomputer.B、BuyherowncomputerC、BorrowMartha’scomputer.D、StayhomeandcompleteherpaperB
能引起颈动脉体和主动脉体感受器兴奋的是
万原公司系从事电脑生产的公司,而恒久公司是从事电脑销售的,两家有长期合作关系,现由于代理销售合同发生纠纷。万原公司依据仲裁条款申请仲裁,下列仲裁中的说法或做法正确的有:
背景资料某水库枢纽工程除险加固的主要项目有:坝基帷幕灌浆、坝顶道路重建、上游护坡重建、上游坝体培厚、发电隧洞加固、泄洪隧洞加固、新建混凝土截渗墙、下游护坡拆除重建、新建防浪墙。合同约定:(1)签约合同价为2680万元,工期17个月,自2010年11月1
关于会计机构负责人的任职资格,说法正确的是()。
下列不属于信息科技部门职责的是()。
下列关于成本中心的说法中,不正确的是()。
甲将自己的一批货物出质给乙,乙将这批货物露天存放,使货物有毁坏的可能。对此,下列说法中,正确的有()。
下列属于塔西佗的作品的是()。
A、WhentheEngland’sKingplannedtosendtroopstocontroltherebellion.B、WhenthedelegatesattendedtheFirstContinentalC
最新回复
(
0
)