2. 外语
  3. Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior

Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior

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问题 Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct. Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist. Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson’s argument?
选项 A、Dr. Ladlow’s evidence that his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze is inaccurate.
B、Psychologists who can derive consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disproved.
C、No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations.
D、Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze.
E、Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect are responsible psychologists.
答案B
解析 本题的结论是负责任的心理学家通常都承认新证据的出现有可能揭示他们理论的不正确性，因此那些认为他们的理论是正确无疑的心理学家都不是负责任的心理学家，由此可知(B)为正确答案；本题的(E)为迷惑选项，该选项把一个结论成立的必要条件当作了该结论成立的一个充分条件，承认新的证据的出现会证明他们的理论不正确只是成为一个负责任的心理学家的一个必要条件；选项(A)、(C)都不能从题中的论述中合理地推出；选项(D)与本题的论述无关。
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