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  3. It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a consolation drink. But which side deserv

It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a consolation drink. But which side deserv

admin2016-08-29  91
问题     It is a familiar scene these days: employees taking newly laid-off co-workers out for a consolation drink. But which side deserves sympathy more, the jobless or the still employed? On March 6, researchers at a conference at the University of Cambridge heard data suggesting it’s the latter: compared with people who are straight-up laid off, those who keep their job but are under a constant threat of losing it suffer a greater decline in mental well-being.
    Brendan Burchell, a Cambridge sociologist, presented his analysis based on various surveys conducted across Europe. The data suggest that employed people who feel insecure in their job display similar levels of anxiety and depression as those who are unemployed. But whereas a newly jobless person’s mental health may "bottom out" after about six months, and then even begin to improve, the mental state of people who are perpetually worried about losing their job "just continues to deteriorate, getting worse and worse," Burchell says.
    Evolutionary psychologists support this theory by arguing that human beings feel more stress during times of insecurity because they sense an immediate but hard-to-discern threat. Patients have been known to experience higher levels of anxiety, for example, while waiting for results than knowing the diagnosis— even if the result is cancer. It’s better to get the bad news and start doing something about it rather than suffer in anxiety. When the uncertainty is prolonged, people stay in a sustained "fight or flight" response, which leads to damaging stress.
    But not every employee in insecure industries has such a gloomy view, Burchell says. Entrepreneurs seem to thrive. In general, women fare better too. While reporting higher levels of anxiety than men when directly questioned, women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12, even when they had a job they felt insecure about losing. As Burchell explains, "For women, most studies show that any job—it doesn’t matter whether it is secure or insecure—gives psychological improvement over unemployment." Burchell hypothesizes that the difference in men is that they tend to feel pressure not only to be employed, but also to be the primary breadwinner, and that more of a man’s self-worth depends on his job.
    So what advice can Burchell offer to those lucky millions across the globe who are still employed but are worried about losing their job? After searching thoroughly through the surveys in search of the key to an even mental keel, Burchell came up with, "Nothing. Certainly some individuals cope better, but we don’t know why. It seems there are just certain things about job insecurity that can’t be overcome."
The fact that women scored lower in stress on the GHQ 12 shows that _____.
选项 A、they feel more stress about an insecure job than men do
B、they feel less stress about an insecure job than men do
C、they are at higher levels of anxiety than men do
D、they are at lower levels of anxiety than men do
答案B
解析 第4段第4句和第5句都是为了说明该段第3句的观点：women fare better(女性表现得更好)。由此可见，该段第4句提到女性在压力测试中得分较低，这说明她们和男士不同，她们工作不稳定时，不会产生如男士那么多的受压感。选B。
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