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  3. 殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

殖民地时期 ——2015年英译汉及详解 Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emig

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问题 殖民地时期
    ——2015年英译汉及详解
   Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.【F1】This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
   【F2】The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.【F3】But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.
   【F4】The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably delay.
   To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, "The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.【F5】The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.
【F3】
选项
答案但美洲特有地理条件的作用，不同族群间的相互影响，加上在一片蛮荒新大陆上维持旧大陆方式的巨大困难，所有这一切引起了意义深远的变化。
解析 本句考查的重点是：并列名词短语作主语。
   本句的主干为the force，the interplay，and the sheer difficulty caused significant changes，主语是三个并列的名词短语，三个of引导的介词短语作后置定语，修饰其前面的名词。
   ①三个并列主语后的介词短语均需译为前置定语。
   ②介词短语upon one another也作interplay的后置定语，但在语义上可略去不译。
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