首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2011-02-28
58
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards", and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise,
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would, refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights, and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
符合文章的主题:是成就感而不是有奖赏促使孩子做某些动作。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Titd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语三级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语三级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
SlaveryhasplayedasignificantroleinthehistoryoftheU.S.ItexistedinalltheEnglishmainlandcoloniesandmostofth
SlaveryhasplayedasignificantroleinthehistoryoftheU.S.ItexistedinalltheEnglishmainlandcoloniesandmostofth
WhichofthefollowingiscoveredinBCDInternationalprograms?
Someyearsago,PioneerHi-bredInternational,whereIwasemployed,purchasedNorandCorporation.Pioneer’ssalesrepresentati
Somedoctorsaretakinganunusualnewapproachtocommunicatebetterwithpatients—theyareletting【C1】______readthenotestha
Whataretheytalkingabout?
Whataretheytalkingabout?
Livetheatrelives.InEnglandineverytown,someoneisrehearsing,someonedevising,some-oneperforming.Winchesterisagood
Whatdoesthetelegramsay?
随机试题
唐先生到医院看望患性病住院的妻子,乘电梯时,唐先生听到两名护士在谈论他妻子的病情。护士们在乘电梯时谈论唐先生妻子的病情,其侵犯的权利是()
对于初诊需明确甲亢诊断的患者,以下组合最合理的是
下列哪项牙槽骨的生物学特性是错误的
下列各项,不属导致崩漏常见病因的是
砖墙砌筑的基本要求包括下列的()。
货币政策工具对货币供应量的影响表现在()。
配送功能要素中的“时间”是指配送的在途时间,不包括装卸搬运时间。()
发展中国家人的锌缺乏症情况比发达国家严重。()
设函数f(x)=x+aln(1+x)+bxsinx,g(x)=kx3,若f(x)与g(x)在x→0是等价无穷小,求a,b,k的值。
S省省委党校在青干班和省直处长班教育中推出了全新课程——党性廉政教育,排出廉政课程表,通过领导讲解政策、监狱体验式教学等方式,让学员对廉政有了更深刻的认识。有学员表示,一开始没注意到廉政课程表,上过课之后才知道好,很有感触。党校教授讲了三个故事,
最新回复
(
0
)