首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Beijing 2008: The First 4G Wireless Olympic Games ? About half a million years ago, Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian, in the
Beijing 2008: The First 4G Wireless Olympic Games ? About half a million years ago, Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian, in the
admin
2010-09-25
31
问题
Beijing 2008: The First 4G Wireless Olympic Games ?
About half a million years ago, Peking man lived in Zhoukoudian, in the southwestern suburbs of what is now Beijing. If you have been to Beijing more recently, or are at all familiar with modern China, then you know this ancient city is going to host the most modern, high-tech Olympic Games ever in 2008. With technology available today, and a vision for what Beijing could be in 2008, there is an opportunity for the hosts to make the city’s telecommunications infrastructure--in the words of the Olympic motto — "swifter, higher, stronger". The Path to 4G
Beijing has the good fortune of looking at previous generations of wireless networks and avoiding the same mistakes as it prepares for 2008. First Generation (1G) wireless telecommunications — the brick-like analog phones that are now collector’s items—introduced the cellular architecture that is still being offered by most wireless companies today. Second Generation (2G) wireless supported more users within a cell by using digital technology, which allowed many callers to use the same multiplexed channel. But 2G was still primarily meant for voice communications, not data, except some very low data-rate features, like Short Messaging Service (SMS). So-called 2.5G allowed carriers to increase data rates with a software upgrade at the base transceivers Stations (BTS), as long as consumers purchased new phones too. Third Generation (3G) wireless offers the promise of greater bandwidth, basically bigger data pipes to users, which will allow them to send and receive more information.
All of these architectures, however, are still cellular. Cellular architecture is sometimes referred to as a "star architecture’, because users within that cell access a common, centralized base station. The advantage is that given enough time and money, carriers can build nationwide networks, which most of the big carriers have done. Some of the disadvantages include a singular point of failure, no lead balancing, and spectral inefficiencies. The single biggest disadvantage to cellular networks going forward is that as data rates increase, output power will have to increase—or the size of the cells win have to decrease—to support those higher data rates. Since significant increases in output power scare both consumers and regulators, it is far more likely that we will see significantly smaller cells. This will further reduce the return on investment in already fragile 3G business plans.
Fourth Generation (4G) wireless was originally conceived by the Defense Advanced Research projects Agency (DARPA), the same organization that developed the wired Internet. It is not surprising, then, that DARPA chose the same distributed architecture for the wireless Internet that had proven so successful in the wired Internet. Although experts and policymakers have yet to agree on all the aspects of 4G wireless, two characteristics have emerged as all but certain components of 4G:end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP) ,and peer-to-peer(点对点)networking. An all IP network makes sense because consumers will want to use the same data applications they are used to in wired networks. Peer-to-peer networks, where every device is both a transceiver (收发机) and a router (路由器) for other devices in the network, eliminates the weakness of cellular architectures, because the elimination of a single node does not disable the network. The final definition of "4G" will have to include something as simple as this: if a consumer can do it at home or in the office while wired to the Internet, that consumer must be able to do it wirelessly in a fully mobile environment.
Let’s define "4G" as "wireless collaborated peer-to-peer networking". 4G technology is significant because users joining the network add mobile routers to the network infrastructure. Because users carry much of the network with them, network capacity and coverage is dynamically shifted to accommodate changing user patterns. As people congregate and create pockets of high demand, they also create additional routes for each other, thus enabling additional access to network capacity. Users will automatically hop away from congested routes to less congested routes. This permits the network to dynamically and automatically self-balance capacity, and increase network utilization.
What could 4G mean for Beijing and its Olympics?
There is a Statistic (without any known attribution) that estimates that the first phone call made by a majority of Chinese alive today was with a cell phone. This would mean that most Chinese skipped a whole generation of telephony (copper twisted pair) and jumped into the world of wireless telephony. So too might the Chinese skip a generation of wireless and deploy a 4G network before 2008. Following are a few applications that could further enhance the Olympic experience, both for the visitors during the Games, and for the residents of Beijing long afterwards.
Security
Beijing has already deployed cameras throughout the city and sends those images back to a central command center. This is generally done using fiber, which limits where the cameras can be hung, i.e., no fiber, no camera. 4G networks allow Beijing to deploy cameras and backhaul(回传) them wirelessly. And instead of having to backhaul every camera, cities can backhaul every third or fifth or tenth camera, using the other cameras as router/repeater.
Traffic Control
Beijing is a challenging city for drivers, with or without an Olympics going on. The growing middle class, and their new-found ability to purchase automobiles, is increasing the number of passenger vehicles on the road at a staggering annual rate of 30%. 4G networks can connect traffic control boxes to intelligent transportation management systems wirelessly, This would create a traffic grid that could change light cycle times on demand, e.g. , keeping some lights green longer temporarily to improve traffic flow. It also could make vehicle-based on-demand "all green" routes for emergency vehicles responding to traffic accidents, reducing the likelihood that those vehicles will themselves be involved in an accident route.
Hot Spots
Beijing could deploy information kiosks(亭)around the city to allow visitors to the Olympics to get real- time information on results, venue updates, and traffic conditions. They could, be backhauled to the Internet via existing cable or DSL. But they could also be home to 802.11 access points, providing free information to any- one with an 802.11 card. And with 4G’s peer-to-peer capabilities, the city could deploy access points even where there is no fiber, by having those "remote" access points hop through backhauled access points. Mobile Hot Spots
To exploit the real power of 4G, Beijing could create mobile hot spots. This would allow users in the sub- ways, trains, and buses to connect to the Internet via standard 802.11 cards talking to standard 802.11 access points. But since those access points obviously cannot be wired to the network, they are connected via 4G wireless networks.
Conclusion
Heating an Olympic Games is, well, an Olympian task. Modern China is more than up to the challenge and it is safe to predict that Beijing 2008 will be one of the most impressive Games of all times. But one other way to measure the success of the Games is the impact it has on the host city after the torch is extinguished. By deploying a 4G mobile broadband network for the Games, Beijing will ensure that its residents will enjoy profound and lasting benefits.
If somebody who is still alive receives a phone call from China, this call is very possibly dialed by ______.
选项
答案
a cell phone
解析
此处应填入名词性成分。题干中的a phone call from China与原文中的the first phone call made by a majority of Chinese alive today语义相近,故应填入a cell phone,即用手机拨打的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Tnz7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassageq
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassageq
Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolledinauniversityorcollegebeginsearlyforsomestudents.Long【C1】______theygraduate
Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolledinauniversityorcollegebeginsearlyforsomestudents.Long【C1】______theygraduate
FactsaboutDepressionInanygivenone-yearperiod,9.5%ofthepopulation,orabout18.8millionAmericanadults,sufferf
TheDebateoverGeneticallyModifiedFoods•Ricewithbuilt-inVitaminAthatcanhelppreventblindnessin100millionchil
A、History.B、Literature.C、Science.D、Math.B
随机试题
颈椎牵引最常用的方法是
交感性眼炎由下列哪一因素引起的
本案中,杨某销售膨化剂的行为构成()下列说法不正确的是()
《建设工程安全生产管理条例》规定,施工单位的主要负责人未履行安全生产管理职责,但尚未发生安全事故的,首选的处理办法是()。
上海浦东国际机场的三字代码是()。
下列行为违反了公司董事的义务规定的是()。
《葬礼进行曲》是________独奏,是________作曲。
据报道,当下春节不仅是中国人的春节,也是“世界节日”,比如美国拉斯维加斯在每年的春节时也总是充满了过年氛围。每年一度的法国巴黎春节大游行,不仅是华侨华人的一件大事,也成了当地法国居民期盼的一个欢乐节日等。优秀的文化注定没有国界的限制,而会走向世界。受到不同
赛马场有一条跑马道,长600米。现在有A、B、C三匹马,A2分钟能跑1圈,B3分钟能跑1圈,C4分钟能跑1圈。如果这三匹马并排在同一个起跑线上,向着同一个方向跑,那么经过几分钟,这三匹马才能重新排在起跑线上?
以下关于宣告死亡法律后果的表述中不正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)