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  3. Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now o

Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now o

admin2010-12-06  85
问题    Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment widely.
   But we need to go further.  We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work.  Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self respecting? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office as centers of production and work?
   The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs.  The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.  This seems a discouraging thought.  But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work.  Universal employment, as its history shows has not meant economic freedom.
   Employment became widespread when the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves.  Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes.  Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
   Meanwhile, employment put women at disadvantage.  It became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.
   All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the impractical goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
The passage tells us that the arrival of the industrial age meant that ______.
选项 A、universal employment guaranteed prosperity
B、economic freedom came within everyone’s reach
C、patterns of work were fundamentally changed
D、to survive, everyone, has to find a job
答案C
解析 从文章第3段可知工业时代带来了工作模式的变化，接着第4段指出工业时代的the factory system取代了the cottage industries(家庭手工业)，并且迫使人们去离家很远的地方工作，可见patterns of work发生了根本的改变。选项C正确。
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