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  3. Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve

Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve

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问题     Marriage emerged as the most popular institution throughout history primarily because it was an effective arrangement to improve the care and upbringing of children. Marriage is not necessary to have children, but it has been of enormous importance in the rearing of children.
    With the sharp declines in birth rates since 1970 in Western and other rich countries, including much larger fractions of adults who do not have any children, both men and women have significantly increased their ages at marriage, and sharply raised their tendencies to divorce. In 1950, a typical woman and man married at ages 20. 3 and 22. 8 respectively, whereas now the typical marital ages are 26. 0 and 27. 7. These changes in age at marriage are related to reduced demand for many children, increased college education of both men and women but especially of women, much greater labor force participation of married and divorced women, and the narrowing of the gender gap in earnings.
    The most important economic and social concerns due to low marriage rates are the effects on rearing of children. These effects are not due to lower marriage rates alone, but rather to the close connection between these low rates and high divorce rates, and to the greater tendency of women to have children without being married, or without living with the fathers of their children.
    Although many single mothers do an absolutely wonderful job in raising their children, common sense and most academic findings suggest that having a father present during the raising of children generally has a positive effect on the development of non-cognitive(非认知性)traits of children. These include a general respect for authority and reduced rebelliousness in school, and the avoidance of gangs and other criminal activities. It also appears that the absence of fathers has a greater effect on the non-cognitive traits of sons than daughters, although that is a less well-established finding.
    I am not claiming that children are worst off when their parents divorce if their parents were fighting a lot, or if they had abusive(粗暴的)fathers. Rather, it appears that up to a significant point, children are better off in intact families even when their families are not ideal.
What does the author say about low marriage rates?
选项 A、It lowers divorce rates to some extent.
B、It results in greater tendency of single mothers.
C、It is mainly due to the issue of raising children.
D、It provokes economic and social concerns.
答案D
解析 推理判断题。本题考查有关低结婚率方面的内容。第三段首句提到，低结婚率产生的最重要的经济和社会问题就是对养育孩子的影响，由此可推断低结婚率产生了一些经济和社会影响，故答案为D)。A)“某种程度上导致离婚率下降”原文未提及，故排除；B)“导致出现越来越多的单身母亲”，单身母亲越来越多是文中提到的一个事实，但并不是由低结婚率导致的，故排除；C)“主要是由于抚养孩子问题才出现的”原文未提及，故排除。
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