首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You only have to open your eyes to see that the world is getting fatter. Health officials — some of whom call overweight and
You only have to open your eyes to see that the world is getting fatter. Health officials — some of whom call overweight and
admin
2019-11-02
62
问题
You only have to open your eyes to see that the world is getting fatter.
Health officials — some of whom call overweight and obesity a global pandemic — say that the increasing availability of processed foods is simply overwhelming humanity. Combine that with high-tech sedentary lifestyles and more disposable income and the table is set for packing on extra pounds.
But just how bad is the problem? A new big-data study published in the Lancet, a medical journal, lays out the kind of vast and sweeping survey that would have been unimaginable in the days before affordable computing power. It’s basically a global headcount of overweight people.
An international team of researchers led by Marie Ng, PhD, an assistant professor of global health at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington, collected data from 188 countries’ national health ministry surveys and other sources (1, 770 in all) from 1980 through 2013 and gleaned from people of different age, gender, heights and weights, worked some statistical hocus-pocus on the data and came up with some eye-popping trends.
China is now second only to the US in obesity, with its numbers bulging in the past three decades to 46 million adults qualifying as obese and 300 million overweight. China has a way to go to catch up to the US, however. The survey found that the US accounts for 13 percent of the world’s obese, while the vast populations of China and India combined make up only 15 percent of the world’s total obese.
The study used the BMI — the body mass or weight-to-height ratio — to assess overweight (25-30) and obesity (30 and above). The Hospital Authority of Hong Kong (China), as an example, calls a BMI of 18.5 to 22.9 normal, 23 to 24.9 overweight at risk, 25 to 29.9 moderately obese and over 30 severely obese.
Worldwide, overweight and obesity combined rates rose by 27.5 percent for adults and 47.1 percent for children from 1980 to 2013. The total number of overweight and obese individuals increased from 857 million in 2008 to 2.1 billion in 2013.
The study also found some interesting sex patterns. In developed countries, more men than women were overweight or obese; in developing countries, overweight or obese women outnumbered men.
In China, 23 percent of boys under 20 fall into the category of overweight or obese, while only 14 percent of girls under 20 make it. Of men 20 and older, 28.3 percent are overweight; and among women 20 and older, 27.4 percent are in the group.
By contrast, in the US, 28.8 percent of boys under 20 are overweight, but significantly, 12.4 percent are obese. Among US girls under 20, 29.7 percent are overweight, with 13.4 percent obesity. Among US men 20 or older, a whopping 70.9 percent are overweight or obese; and 61.9 percent of women 20 or older, with 33.9 percent of the total qualifying as obese.
The Wall Street Journal reported that China’s armed forces are feeling the pinch, "with the People’s Liberation Army facing challenges as its soldiers have begun to have trouble fitting into traditionally-sized tanks".
Ng said the high percentages of overweight and obesity in China were "especially troubling. We need to be thinking now about how to turn this trend around".
The greatest gain in weight worldwide, the survey found, came between 1992 and 2002 and mainly among people aged 20 to 40, for some reason. The rate of weight gain in recent years has been slackening off in the last eight years, but, no countries have shown any significant decrease in obesity prevalence in the past 30 years.
Much of the original data was what’s called "self-reported", the kind of personal facts people might give over the phone, and as one might suspect, can be subject to exaggeration. As the paper puts it: "Self-reported weights for women in some countries tend to be under-reported and self-reported heights for men tend to be over-reported." In other words, women fudge their weight and men fudge their height.
"These data are all heavily modeled, " the Lancet editors explain, "so that the real data are inevitably somewhat obscured, but the truth is not."
In Hong Kong (China), if a man’s weight-to-height ratio is 24, he is______.
选项
A、overweight at risk
B、normal
C、moderately obese
D、severely obese
答案
A
解析
在中国香港,如果一个人的体重和身高比是24,那么他______。此题是细节加推断题。在文章的第六段可以找到此题答案。从The Hospital Authority of Hong Kong(China),as an example,calls a BMI of 18.5 to 22.9 normal,23 to 24.9 overweight at risk,25 to 29.9 moderately obese and over 30 severely obese.一句中可知,在中国香港,BMI 18.5-22.9为正常,23-24.9为有超重风险,25-29.9为中度肥胖,30以上为重度肥胖。另外从本段第一句中可知,BMI就是身体质量指数或体重和身高比。因此,该题答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TtbK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Peoplelearnlanguagesallthetime,andforallkindsofreasons.Forexample,youprobablyhavevariousreasonstostudy【M1】__
Whilemanynationshaveagingpopulations,Japan’sdemographiccrisisistrulydire,withforecastsshowingthat40percentof
Englishisoneoftheworld’smostwidelyspokenlanguages.ThisispartlybecauseitwasthelanguageoftheBritishEmpire.T
Doctorsbaffledbyanunexplainedrashonpeople’searsorcheeksshouldbeonalertforaskinallergycausedtoomuch【M1】_____
It’stheholidayseasonandthatmeanskidsbythemillionsareaskingSantafortheopportunitytoblowawayenemysoldiersan
ForadevelopingcountrylikeIndiawhoseecologicalandsocio-economicsystemsarealreadyunderpressurefromrapidurbaniza
A、Thebowlingstyle.B、Therugbystyle.C、Thebasketballstyle.D、Thefootballstyle.A根据句(2)可知,在保龄球式风格的讨论中,人们会轮流发言,因此答案为[A]。
StructureoftheCanadianGovernmentI.Introduction—Canada’ssystemofgovernmentwasbasedontheBritishsystemofparliam
A、Adviser.B、Accountant.C、Supervisor.D、Investor.A根据句(7)可知,杰克的工作是投资顾问,因此答案为[A]。
A、Becauseitsaidthatearlydetectionofbreastcancerwasnotaccurateenough.B、Becauseitwarnedthatmiddle-agewomenareo
随机试题
甲将一辆汽车作价5万元抵押给乙,并办理了抵押登记。后甲在开车时不慎翻车,致该汽车严重毁损。因甲为该车投了保险,向保险公司理赔得到4万元。下列表述正确的是【】
中国药典规定,“恒重”系指连续两次干燥或炽灼后,重量差异在
安装模板时,当支撑成一定角度倾斜,或支捧的表面倾斜时,应采取可靠措施确保支点稳定,支撑底脚必须采取()的措施。
属于压缩关键工作持续时间和调整关键工作逻辑关系的组织措施的是()。
单位负责人在内部会计监督中的职权有( )。
地基是()。
某房地产开发公司开发建设的甲住宅小区已临近竣工,该房地产开发公司发布了招标公告,拟通过公开招标的方式选聘物业服务企业来管理该小区。[2008年真题]该房地产开发公司发布的招标公告须载明的事项不包括()。
社会主义法律体系分为()
It’saclassicmysteryofthedeep.Whydoesthehammerheadshark(双髻鲨)havethebizarrelyshapedheadfromwhichitgetsitsnam
(A)条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分。(B)条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分。(C)条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分。(D)条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分。(E)条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)
最新回复
(
0
)