首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are pow
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are pow
admin
2020-12-14
30
问题
It may seem ridiculous, but in the hunt for sources of alternative energy researchers have come up with fuel cells which are powered by cheese—or at least whey, a by-product in cheese making. Whey is rich in lactose, a sugar which Georgia Antonopoulou, a biochemical engineer at the University of Patras, Greece, says can be consumed by cultures of bacteria contained within a fuel cell to generate an electric current. Microbial fuel cells, as such devices are known, are not a new idea but they are attracting more attention.
The organic contents of whey pose an environmental hazard and many governments now impose strict regulations requiring factories to pay for its treatment before disposal. Whey constitutes about 70% of the volume of the milk were used to make cheese. So, just one small feta facility will need to dispose of as such as 4,000 tonnes of whey in a single year, says Dr Antonopoulou. Microbial fuel cells could help, and not just in the cheese-making industry. Breweries, pig farms, food-processing plants and even sewage works could gain from the technology.
Traditional fuel cells work by using a catalytic material to oxidize a fuel, such as hydrogen, and make an electric current flow between two electrodes. Microbial fuel cells function in much the same way except that the catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel-cell chamber. Under anaerobic conditions(where oxygen is absent), metabolising the fuel by feeding off it and in doing so produce natural chemical reactions that produce a current.
In theory microbial fuel cells can run on almost any kind of organic matters, says Chris Melhuish, head of the Bristol Robotics Laboratory, England. "All you have to do is match the microbial culture with the type of stuff you want to use as fuel," he says. Dr Melhuish has been trying to power robots on domestic waste-water, but it is tricky. Ideally you would want to use cheap raw-waste products, he says. But traditionally the fuel cells work best with a refined fuel in the form of solutions containing synthetic sugars, such as glucose.
However, Dr Antonopoulou has now shown that, using a culture of bacteria obtained from her local waste-water plant, it is possible to get almost as much power from raw whey as from refined fuel, provided the whey is diluted. The trouble is the power output still only amounts to milliwatts, barely enough to trickle-charge a cellphone. And working with raw waste water also presents challenges.
Initially Dr Antonopoulou and her colleagues found that the coulombic efficiency of their cells-a measure of how many electrons produced actually flow into a circuit-was particularly low, at around just 2%. This turned out to be because a second set of microbes, within the whey itself, was absorbing them. So, by sterilizing the whey first to kill these other bugs they have now boosted the coulombic efficiency to around 25%.
What is the function principle of microbial fuel cells?
选项
A、The catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel-cell chamber.
B、The catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria outside the fuel-cell chamber.
C、The catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria in the aerobic conditions.
D、The catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria via unnatural chemical reactions.
答案
A
解析
细节题。根据题目中the function principle of microbial fuel cells可定位至文章第三段,根据第三段Microbial fuel cells function in much the same way exceptthat the catalytic reactions are carried out by bacteria contained within the fuel—cellchamber.(微生物电池的工作原理也是如此,只是其中的催化反应是通过储存于电池内部的细菌来实现的)可知A项符合文意,故选择A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/TwP7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Putmoregirlsinprimaryschool.B、Setupmorecommunityprograms.C、Tellgirlstheimportanceofeducation.D、Workwithnati
A、Manyprogramsareprovided.B、Itisdifficulttogetin.C、Students’feesareratherhigh.D、Studentshavemanychancestogo
A、Tryingtokeeppacewithyournext-doorneighbors.B、Tryingtokeepincontactwithyourneighbors.C、Tryingtogetalongwell
A、TheexecutivesupervisorofHumanResources.B、TheseniorvicepresidentofMarketingManagementC、TheseniordirectorofInte
A、Itrevealshowmanypeoplediefromsmokinganddrinking.B、Itdiscoverstherelationshipbetweensmokinganddrinking.C、Iti
A、Gettingrichquickly.B、Distinguishingoneself.C、Respectingindividualrights.D、Doingcredittoone’scommunity.B录音结尾提到,大部分
A、Theworldislackofconsumption.B、Foodandresourcesarenotenough.C、Somecountrieswanttohaveasmallpopulation.D、Hum
IsitanywonderthatAmericaisalsoacountryofdangerouslyoverweightpeople?AccordingtoarecentstudybytheNationa
Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,Imetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolution
随机试题
氯丙嗪治疗精神病的常用剂量为()
要素饮食,1ml溶液中含有热量
糖的致龋性大在进糖的时间上表现为
承包建筑工程的单位应当在其资质等级许可的业务范围内承揽工程。大型建筑工程或者结构复杂的建筑工程,可以由两个以上的承包单位联合共同承包。但是两个以上不同资质等级的单位实行联合共同承包的,应当按照()范围承揽工程。
施工现场文明施工管理组织的第一责任人是()。
尼古拉·布哈林曾经被誉为苏共“党内头号思想家”,他所钟爱的原则是“我们的经济是为消费者存在,而不是消费者为经济存在”。下列与布哈林思想相符合的是()。
教师劳动手段的特殊性决定了教师劳动具有创造性的特点。()
小张同学期中考试的语文成绩为54分。按学校要求,试卷必须经家长签阅后送交班主任。小张因成绩不及格,不敢给家长签阅,而是自己拿起笔来,在试卷上签上他爸爸的姓名,然后交给班主任。班主任发现后,在班上公开点名批评,指责他欺骗老师和家长,并罚他重做试题两
1
TheaverageAmericandrinksagallonofsodaaweek,whichdeliversroughly1,000caloriesandnonutrition.TheaverageAmeric
最新回复
(
0
)