首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2014-11-27
52
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavours, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all)were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.
How to define the relationship between environment and heredity?
选项
A、Heredity is far more important than environment.
B、Environment is far more important than heredity.
C、They are independent from each other.
D、They are supplementary rather than exclusive factors.
答案
D
解析
题干问如何定义环境与遗传之间的关系。定位至文章最后一句,环境与遗传不是相互排斥的因素,而永远是相辅相成的。可知,正确答案是D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/Twm7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Haveabigdealwiththewoman.B、Takethepaperoutofthecopymachine.C、Buyanewcopymachine.D、Asksomeonetorepairth
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Ourape-menforefathershadnoobviousnaturalweaponsinthestruggleforsurvivalintheopen.Theyhadneitherthepowerfult
Ifastrangercameuptoyouonthestreet,wouldyougivehimyourname,SocialSecuritynumberande-mailaddress?Probablyno
HowaddictedhasAmericabecometotelevision?Thenumbersaredisturbingbuthardlysurprising.InthetypicalAmericanhouseho
Kidswhosemomswereemployedoutsidethehome,anewstudyfound,weremorelikelytohavebeenhospitalized,hadanasthma(哮喘)
A、Toevaluatethesurveyor’sreportonrenovation.B、TodobusinesswiththeRussiansonsellingElizabethTower.C、Todiscusst
A、Shelostherkeyonherwayhome.B、Shelockedherselfoutofthehouse.C、Shewaitedforherhusbandforalongtime.D、Hera
清华大学被视为中国最著名和选拔人才最严格的大学之一。清华大学的校园位于北京西北部的海淀区,这是专为大学指定的区域。它坐落在清代皇家花园的旧址上,保留了一些中式的园林风格以及一些传统的建筑物,但它的许多建筑物都是西式风格的,反映了美国对它的影响。它拥有中国最
A、Writeareport.B、Reviseherproject.C、Takeanexamination.D、Giveanoralreportintheclass.D细节题。对话结尾处,男士提到,只要女士愿意就这个课题做一
随机试题
男性,36岁。患者左胸胁痛半年,逐渐加重,先左后右,双下肢瘫痪3个月,排尿困难1周,腰穿动力试验显示完全梗阻,蛋白定量3000mg/L(300mg/dl),白细胞数正常。该病人最可能的诊断
下列哪一选项不是《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》提出的深化司法体制改革的目标?()
安全生产管理有三种境界,分别为()。
希望他人向自己发出要约的意思表示是()。
会计从业资格的取得实行考试制度。()
常回头看看,就是要常检点自己的为人处世,把自己走过的路看得更清、更全、更远,从而站在高处主动______自己的目标和坐标,把今天的路走好,把明天的路走得更坚实、更稳健、更成功。常回头看看,数一数自己走过的脚印和道路,总结一下有没有走偏方向,风烛残年之时,无
在消防管理中,检查各处消火栓是否损坏属于()。
你是单位新录用的公务员,领导把你安排到一个你从没接触过的岗位,专业也不对口,你怎么办?
中央银行的下列哪些活动会引起基础货币的减少()
Wherearethey?
最新回复
(
0
)