首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others
admin
2016-01-30
46
问题
The age at which young children begin to make moral discriminations about harmful actions committed against themselves or others has been the focus of recent research into the moral development of children. Until recently, child psychologists supported pioneer developmentalist Jean. Piaget in his hypothesis that because of their immaturity, children under age seven do not take into account the intentions of a person committing accidental or deliberate harm, but rather simply assign punishment for on the basis of the magnitude of the negative consequences caused. According to Piaget, children under age seven occupy the first stage of moral development, which is characterized by moral absolutism(rules made by authorities must be obeyed)and imminent justice(if rules are broken, punishment will be meted out). Until young children mature, their moral judgments are based entirely on the effect rather than the cause of a transgression. However, in recent research, Keasey found that six-year-old children not only distinguish between accidental and intentional harm, but also judge intentional harm as naughtier, regardless of the amount of damage produced. Both of these findings seem to indicate that children, at an earlier age than Piaget claimed, advance into the second stage of moral development, moral autonomy, in which they accept social rules but view them as more arbitrary than do children in the first stage.
Keasey’s research raises two key questions for developmental psychologists about children under age seven: do they recognize justifications for harmful actions, and do they make distinctions between harmful acts that are preventable and those acts that have unforeseen harmful consequences? Studies indicate that justifications excusing harmful actions might include public duty, self-defense, and provocation. For example, Nesdale and Rule concluded that children were capable of considering whether or not an aggressor’s action was justified by public duty: five year olds reacted very differently to "Bonnie wrecks Ann’s pretend house" depending on whether Bonnie did it "so somebody won’t fall over it" or because Bonnie wanted "to make Ann feel bad". Thus, a child of five begins to understand that certain harmful actions, though intentional, can be justified; the constraints of moral absolutism no longer solely guide their judgments.
Psychologists have determined that during kindergarten children learn to make distinctions involving harm. Darley observed that among acts involving unintentional harm, six-year-old children just entering kindergarten could not differentiate between foreseeable, and thus preventable, harm and unforeseeable harm for which the perpetrator cannot be blamed. Seven months later, however, Darley found that these same children could make both distinctions, thus demonstrating that they had become morally autonomous.
It can be inferred from the passage that Piaget would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about the punishment that children under seven assign to wrongdoing?
选项
A、The severity of the assigned punishment is determined by the perceived magnitude of negative consequences more than by any other factor.
B、The punishment is to be administered immediately following the transgression.
C、The children assign punishment less arbitrarily than they do when they reach the age of moral autonomy.
D、The punishment for acts of unintentional harm is less severe than it is for acts involving accidental harm.
答案
A
解析
细节推断题。根据题干关键词Piaget,children under seven assign to wrongdoing定位到原文首段第三句。原句中的assign punishment和on the basis of分别与选项A中的assigned punishment和isdetermined by对应,原句中的magnitude和negative consequences与选项A重现,在Piaget看来,7岁以下的孩子只会根据所造成的负面影响的大小来对所做的行为加以惩罚。故答案为A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/U6GO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecoveryinFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaun
ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecoveryinFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaun
ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecoveryinFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaun
Mostofustellonetwoliesaday,accordingtoscientistswhostudythesethings.Andwerarelygetcaught,becausetheliesw
TheeventsofSept.11haveratchetedupsecurityatAmericanairportstothehighestlevelever,accordingtoaspokesmanforT
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【C1】______anongoingstraggleagainst【C
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Byfarthemostcommondifficultyinstudyissimplefailuretogetdowntoregularconcentratedwork.Thisdifficultyismuchg
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespractically
Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmallerscale,facespractically
随机试题
吗啡中毒后的表现为
A、骨髓中原始粒细胞30%~89%(NEC)B、免疫标记具有髓系特征而HLA—DR阴性C、易并发中枢神经系统白血病D、以脾显著增大为最突出的体征E、白血病细胞表达CDl4符合AML-M3特点的是
肝癌病理大体形态分型最常见的是
某建设项目前两年每年年末投资400万元,从第3年开始,每年年末等额回收260万元,项目计算期为10年。设基准收益率(ic)为10%,则该项目的财务净现值为()万元。
建安工程造价中的税金不包括()。
社会主义法与党的政策基本精神一致,因此()。
董事任期由公司章程规定,但每届任期不得超过五年。()
A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 E
Listentothefollowingpassage.Altogetherthepassagewillbereadtoyoufourtimes.Duringthefirstreading,whichwillbe
Takingchargeofyourselfinvolvesputtingtorestsomeveryprevalentmyths.Atthetopofthelististhenotionthatintellig
最新回复
(
0
)