首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Of all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by
Of all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by
admin
2020-03-31
30
问题
Of all the goods and services traded in the market economy, pharmaceuticals are perhaps the most contentious. Though produced by private companies, they constitute a public good, both because they can prevent epidemics and because healthy people function better as members of society than sick ones do. They carry a moral weight that most privately traded goods do not, for there is a widespread belief that people have a right to health care.
Innovation accounts for most of the cost of production, so the price of drugs is much higher than their cost of manufacture, making them unaffordable to many poor people. Firms protect the intellectual property(IP)that drugs represent and sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented drugs cheaply. For all these reasons, pharmaceutical companies are widely regarded as vampires who exploit the sick and ignore the sufferings of the poor.
These criticisms reached a summit more than a decade ago at the peak of the HIV plague. When South Africa’s government sought to legalise the import of cheap generic copies of patented AIDS drugs, pharmaceutical companies took it to court. The case earned the nickname " Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela". It was a low point for the industry, which wisely backed down.
Now arguments over drugs pricing are rising again. Activists are suing to block the patenting in India of a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been approved by American regulators. Other clashes are breaking out, in countries from Brazil to Britain. But the main battlefield is the Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP), a proposed trade deal between countries in Asia and the Americas. The parties have yet to reach an agreement, partly because of the drug-pricing question.
Under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, a deal signed in 1994, governments can allow a generic drugmaker to produce a patented medicine. America—home of most of the world’s big pharma, whose consumers pay the world’s highest prices for drugs-—wants to use the TPP to restrict such compulsory licences to infectious diseases, while emerging-market countries want to make it harder for drug firms to win patents.
The reoccurrence of conflict over drug pricing is the result not of a sudden emergency, but of broad, long-term changes. Rich countries want to slash health costs. In emerging markets, people are living longer and getting rich-country diseases. This is boosting demand for drugs for cancer, diabetes and other chronic diseases. In emerging markets, governments want to expand access to treatment , but drugs already account for a large share of health-care spending. Meanwhile, a wave of innovation is producing expensive new treatments.
The example of HIV plague is to______.
选项
A、illustrate how drug firms protect drug price
B、demonstrate AIDS is an extremely hazardous disease
C、prove that government has nothing to do to cut down drug price
D、show how the nickname " Big Pharma v Nelson Mandela" was earned
答案
A
解析
根据HIV plague定位到第三段首句。该题问文章提到HIV plague的目的,几个选项中明显不符合题意的是[B]和[D]两项,其中[B]项表述的只是一个客观认知,文章并未提及;而[D]项虽然提到了,但只是文章提到的一处细节,并非提及HIV plague的目的,故这两项可以先排除。该段第二句提到:When South Africa’s government sought to legalise the import ofcheap generic copies of patented AIDS drugs,pharmaceutical companies took it to court.该句大意是:南非政府试图使进口专利艾滋病药物的廉价仿制药合法化,而制药公司却诉诸法律。可见制药公司希望通过法律途径保护其药价,故该题答案为选项[A]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UB1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
RobertaGordonneverthoughtshe’dstillbealiveatage76.Shedefinitelydidn’tthinkshe’dstillbeworking.ButeverySatur
Supposeyouaregoingtoinviteaguesttovisityourcompanyanddiscussbusinesswithhim/her.Writeanemailtohim/herto
KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicesco
Dopeoplegethappierormorefoul-temperedastheyage?Stereotypesofirritableneighbors【C1】______,scientistshavebeentryi
InOctober2002,GoldmanSachsandDeutscheBank【C1】______anewelectronicmarketforeconomicindicesthat【C2】______substanti
ShaoBing,oneofyourcolleagues,isplanningtostudyEnglishunderProf.Smith’sguidance.WritealettertoProf.Smithto
Hydrogenisthefundamentalelementoftheuniverse______itprovidesthebuildingblocksfromwhichtheotherelementsareprodu
[A]Thesortoffaultythinkingcalledmotivatedreasoningalsoblocksoursearchfortruthbutadvancesarguments.Forinstance,
[A]Thesortoffaultythinkingcalledmotivatedreasoningalsoblocksoursearchfortruthbutadvancesarguments.Forinstance,
Fordecades,researchuniversitiesintheUShavebeenuniversallyacknowledgedastheworld’sleadersinscienceandengineerin
随机试题
在用人问题上,中国古代存在着根本对立的思想,其中以孔子为代表的是()
定性选择对______的“极端”个体有利,使种群的平均值向这一侧移动。
一位52岁女会计师因右手麻木半年来到门诊。体检:颈椎活动受限,颈6~7棘突压痛,右臂丛神经牵拉试验(+),右手指浅感觉迟钝,X线片可以发现下列影像,但除了
免疫耐受性的终止和破坏是自身免疫病发生的根本机制。()
在我国古代,有“嫦娥奔月”这一美丽的神话传说,它寄托着人们对探索月球及登上月球的期望。到了20世纪,美国宇航员首次登上了月球。宇航员在踏上月球表面所说的第一句话是:“这对于我来说,是一小步;对于整个人类来说,则是一大步。”人类登月的过程以及宇航员之慨叹所蕴
以下关于预算定额的编制原则中不正确的是( )。
图纸综合会审工作,一般由()负责组织。
某投资者在5月份以30元/吨权利金卖出一张9月到期、执行价格为1200元/吨的小麦看涨期权,同时又以10元/吨权利金卖出一张9月到期执行价格为1000元/吨的小麦看跌期权。当相应的小麦期货合约价格为1120元/吨时,该投资者收益为()元/吨(每张合
某汽车轮胎厂2013年4月委托某橡胶制品公司加工特制轮胎一批.委托方提供原材料成本为26万元,支付加工费14万元(不含税)。当月汽车轮胎厂将全部轮胎收回(橡胶制品公司未履行代收代缴消费税义务)。截止至4月末,该汽车轮胎厂销售委托加工收回的轮胎40%,取得不
在中国,中小学教育需要花费12年的时间来完成,分为小学、初中和高中三个阶段。小学教育持续5年或6年。在初中阶段,大多数学生上3年学,极少数上4年学。几乎98%的学生前一种学校入学。在小学和初中的9年教育属于义务教育。普通高中教育持续3年时间,在整个义务教育
最新回复
(
0
)