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  3. 　　Facebook developed what it calls a foundational " breakthrough": software that enables machines to learn to walk like toddler

　　Facebook developed what it calls a foundational " breakthrough": software that enables machines to learn to walk like toddler

admin2022-02-15  101
问题 　　Facebook developed what it calls a foundational " breakthrough":  software that enables machines to learn to walk like toddlers. Humans are very efficient at maneuvering. As children, we figure out how to adjust our stride and cadence to trek through mud, water, and up and down hills with ease. We can do this while toting a variety of objects, either in our hands or on our backs. However, it’s tough to program robots to make instantaneous adjustments to their legs and feet to accommodate such a variety of tasks, mainly because it’s hard to train them to deal with " corner cases" , or objects and environments they have never seen before.
　　Advanced robot navigation could revolutionize services in a wide range of fields,  such as emergency response, agriculture, autonomous driving and manufacturing. It could hold the key to more complex chore robots. But it also requires teaching machines to act in the same way humans do subconsciously, based on lived experience—something that would be potentially impossible.
　　Humans learn to navigate new environments by stumbling and trying again. But that’s an expensive and lengthy undertaking when applied to robots, which need to be fixed or have their code tweaked when damaged. Researchers try to avoid this by simulating new environments and adjusting robot brains accordingly.
　　First, researchers used simulations to train AI to respond to various environmental conditions, such as slippery ground or a sudden incline. Then, they taught a generic dog-like robot to learn from its mistakes and keep walking as far as possible despite sudden changes to its environment. They layered the two strategies, and together they " enable the robot to perform robust and adaptive locomotion without any fine tuning," Facebook says.
　　What this means is that AI allows them to adapt to factors in their environment without having seen them first. Rather than trying to avoid disruptions, they learn from surprises and move with them. Through the observation AI, each new leg movement is informed by previous ones. Obstacles that push against the robot’s feet or legs can reveal information about the ground around it. The AI learns from that.
　　The so-called Rapid Motor Adaptation software might allow companies to create cheaper automated machines that figure out how to operate at peak performance with more affordable, not as-accurate hardware. Cheaper robots are a critical step toward more advanced robots in more fields.
Advanced navigation could lead to changes in many aspects, excluding changes in______
选项 A、urgent response
B、farming
C、the response speed of software
D、automatic pilot
答案C
解析 细节题。根据题干可定位至第二段，其中lead to changes对应revolutionize，many aspects对应a wide range of fields。选项A对应emergency response，故排除；选项B对应agriculture，故排除；选项D对应autonomous driving，故排除；选项C为无中生有，故选项C正确。
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