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  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a

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问题     Most episodes of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply. "
    Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe (衣柜). " Your memory itself isn’t failing you," says Schacter. " Rather you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed. "
    Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago," says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. " Women have slighdy better memories than men possibly because they pay more attention to their environment and memory relies on just that. Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness says Schacter. " But be sure the cue is clear and available," he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table— don’t leave it in the medicine chest or write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
    Another common episode of absent-mindedness is walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time," says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room and you’ll likely remember.
What is the passage mainly about?
选项 A、The process of gradual memory loss.
B、The causes of absent-mindedness.
C、The impact of the environment on memory.
D、A way of encoding and recalling.
答案B
解析 主旨题。即总结文章大意。它的另一个表现形式就是为文章拟定标题。此类题要纵观文章结构，找出主脉络、主要问题或关键词语，然后再对此总结、提炼。本文首先提出问题(episodes of absent—mindedness)，然后再从各个角度讲健忘的原因，如编码错误，缺乏兴趣，不在视线范围内以及心不在焉。通过总结提炼，可以清楚地发现文章主要讲健忘的原因，即选项B．The causes of absent—mindedness。
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