Complete the flow chart below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Expertise in creative writing

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问题 Complete the flow chart below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Expertise in creative writing

  
Good morning, everyone! I would like to present the summary of work I’ve done now on my research project look into expertise in creative writing. More importantly, I’m going to share with you the procedure I underwent to collect my interim findings.
First, I think you should all know something about my relevant background information. Before I started my current degree course in cognitive psychology, I studied English literature. And as you can imagine, this meant I spent a great deal of time thinking about the notion of creativity, and what makes people develop into successful writers.
However, the idea for this research project resulted from a very specific cause. I became fascinated with the idea of what makes an expert creative writer. When I read a well-known twentieth century writer’s autobiography. I won’t say which one at this stage, because I think that might prejudice your interpretation... anyway, this got me thinking about the different routes to expertise. Specifically, I wondered why some people become experts at things whilst others failed to do so, in spite of the fact that they may become equally gifted and work equally hard. I started to read about how other researchers had explored similar questions in other fields. I began to see a pattern, that those studies which involved laboratory research were too controlled for my purpose, and I decided to avoid reading them. I was quite surprised to find that the clearest guidance for my topic came from investigations into what I call practical skills, such as hairdressing or waiting on tables. Most of these studies tended to use a similar set of procedures which I eventually adopted for my own project.
I’ll now explain what these procedures were. I decided to compare what inexperience writers do with what experience writers do. In order to investigate this, I looked for 4 people whom I regarded as real novelists in this field, which proved easy, perhaps unsurprisingly. It proved much harder to locate people with suitably extensive experience, who were willing to take part in my study. I asked the first four to do a SAT writing task and as they wrote to talk into a tape recorder, a technique known as ’think aloud’. This was in order to get experimental data. Whilst they were doing this, a research assistant recorded them with video. I thought it might be helpful for me and my transcriptions later on. I then asked four experienced writers to do it exactly the same task. After this, I made a comparison between the two sets of data and this helps me to produce a framework for analysis. In particular, I identified 5 major stages which all creative writing seemed to go through when generating this genre text. I think it was fairly effective but still needed some work, so I intended to tighten this up later for use with subsequent data sets. And then I wanted to see whether experience writers were actually producing the better pieces of writing. So I asked an editor, an expert in reviewing creative writing, to decide which were the best pieces of evaluations. I was then able to work out which sequence of the five stages seem to lead to the best writing.
Now my findings are by no means conclusive at this point. I still have a long way to go, but if any of you have any questions I’d be happy to answer them.

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答案practical skills

解析 定位句为“I was quite surprised to find that the clearest guidance for my topic came from investigations into what I call practical skills,such as hairdressing or waiting on tables.”。本题难度系数稍高,难点之一在于题目中的定位词research在听力录音中被替换为了investigations;难点之二在于要注意e.g.的提示作用,e.g.容易在听力录音中被替换成与举例有关的信号词;难点之三在于需要排除听力录音中定位句的干扰信息,注意要捕捉的是例子的上一层信息,而不是例子的同层信息,故本题答案为practical skills。
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