首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Plagiarism, meaning the undocumented use of another person’s work, is the most serious offense in academia. Universities pursue
Plagiarism, meaning the undocumented use of another person’s work, is the most serious offense in academia. Universities pursue
admin
2017-07-05
56
问题
Plagiarism, meaning the undocumented use of another person’s work, is the most serious offense in academia. Universities pursue plagiarising students, but in fact it is also a big problem among college faculties. The following news report gives a general view of the phenomenon.
Write an article of NO LESS THAN 300 words, in which you should:
1. summarize briefly the article;
2. give your comment.
When Plagiarism Is Academic
This week at Durham University, professors are investigating whether a former dean of the business school is guilty of plagiarism.
Professor Tony Antoniou resigned this month over allegations he copied the work of his peers for his DPhil thesis and a later journal article. He remains a professor of finance at the university.
Meanwhile, at Wolverhampton University, lawyers are preparing for the tribunal of a senior lecturer who is appealing against being dismissed for plagiarism.
"The cases we hear about are probably just the tip of the iceberg," say Jude Carroll, a plagiarism expert at Oxford Brookes University, and Mike Reddy, a member of the Plagiarism Advisory Service for universities, students and academics.
"Probably" is the word. No one actually knows the true scale of plagiarism among academics in the UK, or elsewhere. Scores of researchers have been funded to look into the numbers of students who may or may not have cheated on their coursework. But when it comes to their tutors, the plagiarism experts will tell you not one research project comes to mind.
"There’s no proper research on this," says Reddy. "And it’s time there was."
Plagiarism—the taking and using as one’s own of the thoughts, writings or inventions of another— comes in many guises in the academic world.
It might involve the straightforward stealing of a colleague’s work or words. It could be self-plagiarism, where similar pieces of work are sent to various journals. It might involve using teaching materials without acknowledgement, stealing the work of postgraduate students, or insisting on co-authorship of a postgraduate’s paper without actually doing any of the work.
Opinion is divided over whether it is easier or harder to do than in the past. "Of course it is easier," says Carroll. "The resources available are phenomenal." Staff at highly esteemed institutions, such as the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have temptingly started to put all their lecture notes and teaching materials online, free for all to use.
"But it’s a moral judgment as to whether you acknowledge the author of those resources or notes or not," says Reddy. "And that choice has always been there."
"It’s become easier to track violations and there is much evidence that many people are willing to invest the time to do that," says Don McCabe, from the Centre for Academic Integrity at Duke University in North Carolina. Fiona Duggan, of the Plagiarism Advisory Service, says there is now "heightened awareness of the issue" and "more efficient detection".
What is not up for dispute is why academics, now more than ever, might cave in and commit the crime.
The "publish or perish" environment of today’s academia means young—and not so young— academics can only scale the career ladder and build a reputation if they produce a certain number of papers in highly-regarded publications each year. "If you are expected to turn out six to eight papers a year, you can’t exactly start from scratch each time," says Carroll.
选项
答案
Academic Plagiarism Should Be Effectively Controled Academic plagiarism has been widely reported and the true scale of it is alarming or even beyond our imagination. Jude Carroll, a plagiarism expert, says that the cases we hear about are probably just the tip of the iceberg. Academic plagiarism, or intellectual stealing, may appear in various forms, from more conspicuous stealing of others’ work without acknowledgement to less obvious self-plagiarism where the same work is sent to different journals. While presenting academic notes and lecture materials online provides evidence for tracking violations, it is no simple task to detect and eradicate plagiaristic copying which to a large extent results from today’s "publish or perish" environment I personally believe that academic plagiarism should be effectively contained. It is self-evident that no reputation is immune to stealing, in particular when it comes to academic stealing. It is not rare to hear that a professor or a high-level corporate leader, once found to have plagiarized, is immediately fired. The direct impact of plagiarism is on the individual involved, since this person has so lost his or her credibility that his or her career may be ruined. The hidden impact is on the society because the previously prestigious person has gained notoriety and thus has difficulty finding a respectable job, let alone contributing to society. Another reason why I am strongly opposed to academic plagiarism is that it is bound to hinder social advancement. It is well acknowledged that social progress is spurred by academic innovation, while plagiarism, at its best physical work, stifles innovation and creativity of the academia, thereby pulling back the chariot of social development. And some intellectuals’ enthusiasm for research would be extinguished since academic offending is hard to detect and plagiarists therefore do not receive their due penalty. In conclusion, I firmly believe that plagiarism in any form poses a threat to both individual and society as a whole. Given its negative consequences, more resources should be devoted to effectively cracking down on academic plagiarism before it runs wild.
解析
材料围绕”学术剽窃”这一话题展开论述,可分为三部分。
前六段以当前发生的具体个案引出话题,并说明当前学术剽窃的严重程度。
第七、八段谈到学术剽窃的表现,指出它在学术界有许多隐蔽的形式(in many guises in the academic world),其中涉及盗用同事的作品(stealing of a colleague’s work),自我剽窃(self-plagiarism),不经同意使用他人的教学资源(teaching materials),窃取研究生的论文(the work of postgraduate students)以及单纯挂名的论文合著(co-authorship)。
最后五段则探讨了与过去相比,现在追踪学术剽窃更加容易的两个原因。一是人们对学术剽窃的警觉更高(heightened awareness of the issue),二是把学术笔记和讲义等放到网上使追踪学术剽窃更为有效(more efficient detection)。然而,由于“不出版即完蛋”(“publish or perish”)的学术环境,导致根除学术剽窃并不容易。
开篇:总结材料大意,指出学术剽窃的表现及原因,并提出自己的观点——应该有效控制学术剽窃。
主体:分别论述学术剽窃应该被遏制的两个原因。
1.学术剽窃影响声誉,对个人和社会均造成恶劣影响。
2.学术剽窃阻碍社会发展,并且会浇灭科研热情。
结尾:总结全文,重申打击学术剽窃的必要性。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UVsK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Afour-yearstudybysociologistsatTheUniversityofManchesterhasfoundthatwomenaremuchlikelythanmento【M1】______mak
ApprenticeshipshavelongbeenpopularinEurope,butworkforce-orientedhighschooltrainingisnearlyascommonin【M1】______U
Itwasnotsolongagothatparentsdroveateenagertocampus,saidatearfulgoodbyeandreturnedbackhometo【M1】______wait
Itwasnotsolongagothatparentsdroveateenagertocampus,saidatearfulgoodbyeandreturnedbackhometo【M1】______wait
Luminescencereferstotheemissionoflightbymeansanotherthanheat.
Notlongago,TedGupopenedabatteredoldsuitcasefromhismother’satticanddiscoveredafamilysecret.Insidewasathick
Doyouthinkthegenderedlabels"forboys"or"forgirls"onbookjacketscaninfluenceyoursocialization?Currentlyacampa
We’reallbornwithaninnatenumbersense—thatseeminglyeffortlessknacktoroughlyestimateandcomparequantitieswithoutco
Theprocessoftransformingalldirectexperienceintoimaginaryorintothatsuprememodeofsymbolicexpression,language,has
PASSAGEONEWhydidtheauthorrarelyshowhisimitationwritingstohisfriends?
随机试题
患者,女,46岁。头晕无力,胃脘部坠胀不适已1年余,近1周加重。伴少气倦怠,面色萎黄,纳呆食少,食后腹胀,大便溏,舌淡苔白,脉细弱。x线检查见胃下垂。临床辨证是
男,28岁。牙龈疼痛,自动出血3天。检查:腐败性口臭,多个牙的牙龈乳头尖端消失变平,下切牙的龈缘虫蚀状坏死,有灰白膜覆盖。如果明确诊断,首选的治疗药物是
施工人员对涉及结构安全的试块、试件以及有关材料,应当在()的监督下现场取样,并送具有相应资质等级的质量检测单位进行检测。
在实际应用中,债券到期收益率并不能准确地反映债券的实际价值。
投资期分析把债券互换各个方面的回报率分解为四个组成部分,其中具有确定性风险的是( )。
以下选项中可以作为保证人的是()。
某甲向银行取款时,银行工作人员因点钞失误多付给10000元。甲以这10000元作本钱经商,获利5000元,其中2000元为其劳务管理费用成本。一个月后银行发现了多付款的事实,要求甲退回,甲不同意。下列有关该案的表述中正确的是()。
在加强党的执政能力建设中,始终贯穿其中的是()
下面关于虚函数的描述中正确的是()。
WhichofthefollowingfactorsdoesNOTcontributetotheformationofnewpronunciation?
最新回复
(
0
)