2. 外语
  3. Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly th

Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly th

admin2010-07-14  40
问题     Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly theses cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize (细察) the power of positive thinking. Research is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. If we could each people to think more positively, it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills.
    Your habit counts but the belief that you can succeed affects whether or not you will. In part, that’s because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to blame himself. But the optimist looks for loopholes. Negative or positive, it was a self fulfilling prophecy. If people feel hopeless they don’t bother to acquire the skills they need to succeed.
    A sense of control is the litmus test for success. The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he acts quickly, looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and reaching out for advice. The pessimist feels like fate’s plaything and moves slowly. He doesn’t seek advice, since he assumes nothing can be done.  Many studies suggest that the pessimist’s feeling of helplessness undermines the body’s natural defenses, the immune system. Feeling passive and unable to dodge life’s blows, he expects iii health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He munches on junk food, avoids exercise, ignores the doctor, has another drink.
    Most people are a mix of both, but are inclined in one direction or the other. It is a pattern of thinking learned at our mothers’ knees. It grows out of thousands of cautions or encouragements, negative statements or positive ones. Too many "don’t" and warnings of danger can make a child feel incompetent, fearful  and pessimistic. Pessimism is a hard habit to break--but it can be done.
What does "these mental ills" refer to in the last sentence of the first paragraph?
选项
答案Depression, loneliness and painful shyness.
解析 第一段用对比的手法对乐观与悲观所带来的影响作了比较。第一段最后两句话说明，悲观会使人绝望、病态、失败，并且会造成许多心理障碍。因此，如果我们能够教会人们更加积极地思考，就如同给那些心理疾病患者注射预防疫苗。
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