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  3. [A] It would be easy to believe that rudeness is "no big deal" and that people must just "get over it", but more and more resea

[A] It would be easy to believe that rudeness is "no big deal" and that people must just "get over it", but more and more resea

admin2023-02-22  67
问题     [A]  It would be easy to believe that rudeness is "no big deal" and that people must just "get over it", but more and more researchers are finding that this is simply not true. Experiencing rudeness at work has been associated with decreased performance, decreased creativity, and increased turnover intentions, to name just a few of the many negative outcomes of these behaviours. Knowing how harmful these behaviours can be, the question becomes: where do they come from, and why do people do them?
    [B]   Most people can relate to the experience of having a colleague inexplicably treat them rudely at work. You’re not invited to attend a meeting. A co-worker gets coffee for everyone but you. Your input is laughed at or ignored. A large and growing body of research suggests that such incidents, termed workplace incivility or workplace rudeness, are not only very common, but also very harmful. Although these behaviours are defined as low-intensity deviant behaviour with ambiguous intent to harm, the negative outcomes associated with workplace rudeness are anything but small or trivial.
    [C]   There are two ways in which behaviours and emotions can be contagious. One is through a conscious process of social learning. For example, if you’ve recently taken a job at a new office and you notice that everybody carries a water bottle around, it likely won’t be long until you find yourself carrying one, too. This type of contagion is typically conscious. If somebody asked why you are carrying that water bottle around, you would say, "Because I saw everybody else doing it and it seemed like a good idea."
    [D]  While there are likely many reasons people behave rudely, at least one explanation that researchers have recently explored is that rudeness seems to be "contagious". That is, experiencing rudeness actually causes people to behave more rudely themselves. Lots of things can be contagious—from the common cold, to smiling, yawning and other simple motor actions, to emotions (being around a happy person typically makes you feel happy). And as it turns out, being around a rude person can actually make you rude. But how?
    [E]   Another pathway to contagion is unconscious: research shows that when you see another person smiling, or tapping a pencil, for example, most people will mimic those simple motor behaviours and smile or tap a pencil themselves. If someone were to ask why you’re smiling or tapping your pencil, you’d likely answer, "I have no idea."
    [F]  Unfortunately, because the rudeness is contagious and unconscious, it’s hard to stop. So what can be done? We need to re-examine the types of behaviours that are tolerated at work. More severe deviant behaviours, such as abuse, aggression and violence, are not tolerated because their consequences are blatant, While rudeness of a more minor nature makes its consequences a little harder to observe, it is no less real and no less harmful, and thus it might be time to question whether we should tolerate these behaviours at work.
    [G]  In a series of studies, researchers found evidence that rudeness can become contagious through a non-conscious, automatic pathway. When you experience rudeness, the part of your brain responsible for processing rudeness "wakes up" a little bit, and you become a little more sensitive to rudeness. This means that you’re likely to notice more rude cues in your environment, and also to interpret ambiguous interactions as rude. For example, if someone said, "Hey, nice shoes! " you might normally interpret that as a compliment. However, if you’ve recently experienced rudeness, you’re more likely to think that person is insulting you.
    B → 【D16】 → 【D17】 → 【D18】 → 【D19】 → G → 【D20】
【D18】
选项
答案C
解析 上一段(即D)指出无礼行为具有传染性，并在结尾处通过问句But how?引出下文对“无礼行为如何传染给他人”的阐释。即下文应该讲述传染途径或方式。C在开头即提到行为和情绪会以两种方式传染，并在随后对其中一种作了详细介绍。C与D的内容衔接紧密，故确定C为本题答案。
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