2. 外语
  3. Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The fact

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The fact

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问题     Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring union- ization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the workers part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers’ were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction , the multi - occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based, first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being orga- nized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.
    But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.  What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’ s movement has succeeded in le- gitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.
The main concern of the passage is to
选项 A、advocate particular strategies for future efforts to organize certain workers into labor unions.
B、explain differences in the unionized proportions of various groups of public-sector workers.
C、evaluate the effectiveness of certain kinds of labor unions that represent public-sector workers.
D、analyzed and explain an increase in unionization among a certain category of workers.
E、describe and distinguish strategies appropriate to organizing different categories of workers.
答案D
解析 主题题型：A．“advocate particular strategies”和文章总体风格、作者叙述方式不符。B．解释不同行业工人参加工会比例的差异。文章叙事过程之中提到过，但显然不是主要内容。C．评价一些工会的成效如何。无，文章只涉及参加工会，不涉及工会的作用。D．正确。分析、解释一特定类型工人参加工会的数量增长，即文中讨论的政府部门职员在70年代中期以后参加工会的增长。E．描述、区分组织不同工人的适合政策。本文只提策略结果，未叙述策略本身。
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